About the Journal
Journal Title: Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering
Publication Cycle: Monthly(Published on the 20th of each month)
Governing Body: Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China
Sponsor: Development Research Center of the Ministry of Water Resources
Tel: 010-63205981
E-mail： 13941816@qq.com
China Standard Serial Number (CN): 10-1746/TV
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 1000-0860
News
Study on adsorption and desorption behaviors of microplastics toward antibiotics mediated by hydrodynamic conditions
LIU Hongtao;ZU Bo;LI Wang;CHEN Wei;WANG Mei;ZHANG Zhongjie;CHEN Xin;LI Haowen;[Objective]To investigate the adsorption and desorption behaviors and associated environmental risks of polyethylene(PE) microplastics toward four antibiotics(SDZ, SMX, NOF, OFL) under hydrodynamic conditions.[Methods]A horizontal oscillating grid tank was employed to simulate actual aquatic environments. Adsorption-desorption experiments were performed to analyze the adsorption and desorption characteristics of PE toward antibiotics. Additionally, the effects of microplastic concentration and turbulence intensity on the adsorption process were examined.[Results]The adsorption process reached equilibrium after 40 hours. Kinetic model fitting result indicated that the adsorption was mainly governed by chemisorption and jointly controlled by internal and external diffusion, while the desorption process was dominated by physical desorption. An increase in PE concentration ultimately reduced the unit adsorption capacity by about 30%, and a gradual increase in turbulence intensity led to an approximate 10% increase in adsorption capacity.[Conclusion]Both PE concentration and hydrodynamic turbulence intensity affect the adsorption capacity of PE: High PE concentration leads to particle aggregation, thereby reducing adsorption efficiency. Strong turbulence conditions enhance adsorption by accelerating molecular diffusion and particle dispersion. The desorption process exhibits potential chemical interactions, which may increase the environmental transfer risk of antibiotics. The dual role mechanism of PE as a carrier of antibiotics under hydrodynamic conditions is revealed, providing a theoretical basis for assessing the ecological risks of combined pollution.
Study on “water-based city development” scheme in Ningxia based on interdependent constraints of human-water-city relationship
LIU Xin;YOU Jinjun;JIA Ling;XING Yuhan;WANG Yusheng;TONG Jianjie;[Objective]To explore the constraints of water resources during the rapid urban development, analyze the interdependent relationships between human, water, and city, and investigate the coupling mechanisms of the human-city and water-city pathways, thereby providing references for determining a reasonable scale for urban development.[Methods]Taking Ningxia as the study area, historical urban development data from 2006 to 2022 and the constraints of urban water supply were integrated. The human-city MP index, binary regression analysis of population size and economic structure, and the comprehensive land water use indicator method were used to analyze the reasonable range of built-up area. By balancing the rigid constraints on water resources with urban population and economic development demands, the “water-based city development” scheme was determined.[Results]In 2025, the urban water use constraint of Ningxia was projected to be 1.001 billion m3, with an urban population of 4.748 4 million. Based on these figures, the reasonable controlled area for built-up areas was calculated to be 763.33 km2, representing an increase of 85.87 km2 compared to the current situation(2022). To meet the control requirements of “water-based city development” scheme, the average water use in built-up areas needed to reach 1.41 m3/m2, an increase of 79.7% compared to the current level. The water use per capita for the entire region was expected to be 0.43 m3/d, an increase of 23.1% compared to the current level. It was indicated that the urban water use intensity significantly improved.[Conclusion]Urban development is closely related to water resource conditions. By analyzing the relationship between rational urban scale and water resource constraints through the “water-based city development” scheme, it effectively balances the relationship between urban population growth, economic development, and sustainable water resource utilization. This provides both theoretical support and practical guidance for the scientific development of cities in water-scarce regions, promoting the coordination among population, resources, and environment.
Research on influencing factors of reservoir discharge water temperature based on global sensitivity analysis
XU Lihao;YANG Shiwei;LI Xintong;LIANG Ruifeng;LI Kefeng;WANG Yuanming;[Objective] Reservoir discharge water temperature is a critical environmental factor affecting the health of downstream riverine ecosystems. Therefore， identifying its dominant influencing factors is of great significance for river ecological protection and reservoir ecological operation. [Methods] Taking Pubugou Reservoir as a case study， a research framework was established by coupling global sensitivity analysis (GSA) with the CE-QUAL-W2 water temperature model. Multicollinearity tests were conducted on six hydro-meteorological factors， including inflow water temperature， air temperature， solar radiation， dew point temperature， wind speed， and cloud cover. The dew point temperature factor was excluded through Spearman correlation analysis and LightGBM feature importance ranking. The Morris and Sobol methods were used to conduct GSA on the five selected factors， and the control variable method based on the calibrated CE-QUAL-W2 model was employed to investigate the impact patterns of key factors on the discharge water temperature. [Results] Inflow water temperature and air temperature were identified as the two key influencing factors of the discharge water temperature of Pubugou Reservoir， with total-order sensitivity indices (ST) of 0.68 and 0.31， respectively， and a combined contribution rate of more than 86%. The inflow water temperature exerted a direct and stable transmission effect on the discharge water temperature， exhibiting a consistent response pattern throughout the year. In contrast， the impact of air temperature showed pronounced seasonal variations， being negligible during the thermal stratification period (June–August) (temperature difference < 0.2 ℃)， but significant during the mixing period (November–February) (temperature difference up to 1.3 ℃). The impact of solar shortwave radiation was relatively weak. [Conclusion] The findings reveal the dominant control mechanisms governing the discharge water temperatures from high-dam and deep-water reservoirs， thereby providing a scientific basis for ecological operation and downstream ecosystem protection of similar reservoirs under climate change.
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Construction and typical application of urban flood joint prevention and control system based on “Integration of Demonstration and Calculation” innovative architecture
ZHANG Anqi;LIU Jiahong;MEI Chao;WANG Jia;ZHANG Kehan;JIA Yangwen;[Objective] To meet the emergency decision-making needs for cross-scale coupled prevention and control of river basin floods and urban waterlogging， an intelligent joint prevention and control system is developed which integrates sensing， early warning， simulation， and decision-making， thereby improving the capacity of urban flood emergency response under extreme rainfall scenarios. [Methods] An intelligent emergency command and decision-making framework was developed for joint prevention and control of urban external and internal flooding， which comprised four core modules: risk perception， intelligent early warning， scenario simulation， and command decision-making. Key enabling technologies and an integration scheme were proposed， which were verified by a prototype system of the Beiyun River Basin and Beijing Municipal Administrative Center. [Results] The system ingested data from key waterlogging points， rainfall and water level stations， and video monitoring sites across the Beiyun River Basin， enabling 5-minute rolling updates and trend analysis. It could support automatic generation of special reports containing monitoring data， meteorological information， and waterlogging point forecasts. Additionally， the system achieved a full-process simulation and review of “23·7” rainstorm event in Beijing Municipal Administrative Center， and its comprehensive demonstration application was carried out during the 2024 flood season in this center. [Conclusion] The findings show that the intelligent joint prevention and control system， based on an innovative framework with integration of simulation and operations， effectively supports quantitative simulation and emergency decision-making under coupled scenarios of external and internal flooding to a certain extent. The framework provides a reference for developing emergency response and decision-making systems for urban flood joint prevention and control， thereby supporting flood control decision-making under coupled scenarios of external and internal flooding.
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Study on connotation definition and classification system of lifeline engineering in flood detention areas
CAO Xuejian;ZHAO Zhongnan;SHI Wenjing;ZHAO Baoxu;[Objective] Under the background of global climate change， extreme rainstorm and flood events have increased. As the critical infrastructure bearing the brunt of disasters， lifeline engineering in flood detention areas exhibits characteristics of chain-like transmission and amplification of disasters. To deepen the study of chain-like disaster evolution mechanisms in these areas and to achieve precise prevention and control of flood risks， it is necessary to propose the conceptual connotation and classification system of lifeline engineering. [Methods] The evolution process of China’s flood detention areas—from engineering construction， safety construction， to operational management—was systematically reviewed through systematic analysis， induction， and deduction. The concept of lifeline engineering was introduced into the context of flood detention areas， and its conceptual connotation and functional positioning were analyzed. A classification system for lifeline engineering in flood detention areas was developed by integrating system functions and failure impacts. [Results] The results showed that the lifeline engineering in flood detention areas had the dual mission of ensuring “survival within the area and safety outside the area”. It exhibited four core characteristics: disaster vulnerability， foundational guarantee， systemic relevance， and dynamic evolution. The established four-dimensional classification system featured multidimensional complementarity， logical closure， and structural flexibility， making it suitable for the management and governance of flood detention areas in China. [Conclusion] The proposed definition and classification method for lifeline engineering in flood detention areas contributes to the precise identification of the functions and risks associated with various types of infrastructure， and provides theoretical support and reference for chain-type disaster defense and prevention and mitigation technologies in flood detention areas.
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Research on ice layer temperature and snow thermal conductivity under snow cover
LI Xianshuo;CHANG Xiaomin;ZUO Guangyu;DOU Yinke;[Objective] The influence of snow of different thicknesses and degrees of metamorphism on the temperature changes of snow layers and ice layers beneath snow is investigated， thereby providing observational support and parametric basis for ice condition forecasting and snow melting process simulation at the reservoir and lake scales. [Methods] Field observation experiments were conducted at the Second Reservoir of the Fenhe River from January 25， 2024 to February 12， 2024. Seven groups were set up， and flexible temperature chains and meteorological monitoring systems were utilized to continuously observe the temperatures of air， snow layers， ice layers， water layers， and meteorological elements. The effective thermal conductivity of snow layers was inversely calculated using the non-thermal equilibrium heat conduction calculation method， and the diurnal-scale energy distribution and interlayer lag characteristics of the temperature time series were analyzed by Morlet wavelet. [Results] The wavelet analysis results indicated that temperature variations at each depth were dominated by a near-1-day cycle， with global wavelet power decreasing successively from air to snow to ice layers. This enabled preliminary identification of air-snow and snow-ice interface positions. The lag time for snow layer to reach temperature extrema decreased exponentially with increasing depth. The S group (normal snow group， average density of 394 kg/m3) exhibited significantly greater lag for temperature peaks compared to the SI group (metamorphic snow group， average density of 525 kg/m3)， and the snow layer responded more quickly to minimum temperatures than to maximum temperatures. Snow thermal conductivity tended to stabilize during the observation period. Before snowfall， the average value of snow thermal conductivity was 0.37 W/(m·K) for the S group and 0.45 W/(m·K) for the SI group， whereas snowfall slightly reduced the average values to 0.34 W/(m·K) and 0.40 W/(m·K)， respectively. Due to lower thermal conductivity of the S group， its daily temperature fluctuation amplitude of ice layers beneath snow (1.40～1.99 ℃) was smaller than that of the SI group (1.84～2.24 ℃)， and the daily average downward conductive heat flux was 4.01 W/m2 lower， indicating a more pronounced insulation effect， which could effectively delay the melting of the underlying ice layer. [Conclusion] The findings show that different thicknesses of snow cover have an impact on weakening the diurnal variation of temperature， prolonging temperature lag and reducing downward conductive heat flux， while the degrees of metamorphism only show a significant effect on improving the effective thermal conductivity. The observation results provide data support for thermal models of lake and reservoir ice layers， which is conducive to the improved accuracy of snow melting process simulation， and offer a reference for enhancing ice condition early warning and ice prevention decision-making.
[Downloads: 25 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Risk assessment study of inter-basin water transfer project channels based on improved G1-cloud model coupling
XU Luyao;LONG Yan;LI Xue;LIU Ziwei;WU Jiahao;[Objective] With the continuous advancement of inter-basin water transfer projects， canal risk assessment has become a critical component in ensuring the efficient delivery of water resources and maintaining ecological security. [Methods] To address the issues of imprecise weight assignment and high uncertainty in traditional risk assessment approaches， this study integrates weight optimization with uncertainty representation to develop a multidimensional risk assessment framework for canal systems in inter-basin water transfer projects. The framework is based on the coupling of an improved G1 method and a cloud model. [Results] By incorporating an enhanced G1 method to refine the expert weighting process， the accuracy of index weight calculation was significantly improved， resulting in a 20% reduction in the coefficient of variation. Additionally， the combination of a backward cloud model with a truncated normal distribution algorithm enhanced model stability and adaptability under small-sample conditions. The results indicate a strong correlation between the entropy of the cloud model and the geological complexity of the canal. The hyper-entropy metric effectively captures the dynamic characteristics of canal risk. When the expected value exceeds 80 and the hyper-entropy is greater than 1.0， increased monitoring frequency and management response are recommended. [Conclusion] A clear mapping relationship is observed between the cloud generator outputs and canal risk levels. Accordingly， differentiated graded management strategies are proposed based on the risk classification. The research results provides a more accurate and robust risk assessment methodology for canal systems in inter-basin water transfer projects and offers theoretical support for risk management throughout the entire lifecycle of such engineering projects.
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Simulative analysis on storm flood in typical urban region of Beijing based on SWMM
CONG Xiang-yu1, NI Guang-heng1, HUI Shi-bo1, TIAN Fu-qiang1, ZHANG Tong2(1.Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,China; 2.Beijing Municipal Institute of Hydraulic Engineering Planning, Design & Research, Beijing 100044,China)Based on SWMM(Storm Water Management Model), a typical urban region is selected to calculate the status under the design storms with different frequencies in the region, such as drainage effect and water-logging, overland flow on road etc.,and simultaneously, the storm floods under different conditions, including reforming the protruding green belts into plain or concave ones, placing flood storage areas etc.,are simulated with the evaluation on their effects. The simulative calculation results show that all the three measures mentioned herein have larger effects on the infiltration, runoff, flood peak flow and overland flow and can greatly alleviate the pressure of the draining pipeline, clip the flood peak and increase the infiltration as well, if they are taken as the additional important measures of urban drainage for flood control.
Study on fragmentation of emergency management during “7·20” extreme rainstorm flood disaster in Zhengzhou of Henan Province and relevant comprehensive treatment
CHEN Zhouying;KONG Feng;Under the background of global warming, frequent rainstorms and floods affect urban and rural areas in China. Emergency management is the last defence line to ensure the safety of people′s lives and property. Fragmentation severely restricts the effectiveness of emergency management.The problem of fragmentation of emergency management exposes during dealing with the “7-20” extreme rainstorm flood in Zhengzhou of Henan Province. Therefore, the performances and negative impacts from the fragmented actions of all the emergency subjects during the “7-20” extreme rainstorm flood disaster are studied herein, and then the relevant suggestions on the emergency comprehensive treatment of the rainstorm flood are proposed as well, so as to enhance the effectiveness of the storm-flooding emergency management in China and provide some references and experiences for the other cities and regions. The study finds out that(1) the fragmentation of emergency management is composed of the causations in several aspects, such as fragmentation of emergency system, fragmentation of emergency organization design, fragmentation of emergency information, fragmentation of emergency awareness, fragmentation of emergency subject and object, etc., especially the fragmentation of emergency system affects all the other four aspects;(2) the fragmentation of emergency system leads to the lack of the coordination among the emergency actions of all the emergency subjects in Zhengzhou and the failure of the performances of their emergency duties; the fragmentation of emergency authority and responsibility leads to the management dislocation and omission; the fragmentation of emergency information leads to the difficulty of emergency decision-making and post-disaster learning; the fragmentation of emergency perception exacerbates the difficulty of disaster risk and management; the fragmentation of emergency information leads to the difficulty of emergency decision-making and post-disaster learning; the fragmentation of emergency awareness intensifies disaster risk and management difficulty; the fragmentation of emergency objects leads to high disaster-bearing vulnerability of the vulnerable areas and vulnerable groups;(3) the comprehensive treatment measures for the fragmentation of the emergency management of storm-flooding disaster include promoting the connection and integration of flood control emergency systems, implementing flood control drilling, realizing the whole process of emergency management, optimizing the organizational design of flood control emergency response, improving overall coordination mechanism, promoting the matchment of authorities with responsibilities, establishing a flood control information sharing platform and obtaining more comprehensive disaster information with advanced techniques, strengthening emergency training and changing leadership thinking to promote the culture integration of the emergency flood control awareness, so as to break the dual concept and system of emergency service with the goal of achieving equalization.
Theories and practices of river eco-restoration
DONG Zhe-ren,SUN Dong-ya,PENG Jing(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)A holistic model of river eco-restoration is put forward herein,and then the stresses from water works on river eco-systems and their mechanism are comprehensively analyzed with a systematical introspection on the traditional planning and design concept and method of the water projects.Furthermore,both the planning principle and the assessment method for river eco-restoration and the technology of the eco-restoration of river corridor are summarized.At last,a demonstration project is briefly introduced as well.
Loess Plateau soil erosion governance and runoff-sediment variation of Yellow River
HU Chunhong;ZHANG Xiaoming;"The Yellow River governance focuses on protection and governance". Clarifying the effects of ecological governance on the Loess Plateau and its influences on variation of the runoff-sediment relationship of the Yellow River is helpful to provide a scientific and technical support for the coordinating the runoff-sediment relationship of the Yellow River. Through sorting out the processes of soil erosion control of the Loess Plateau and the changes of the governance measures, the sediment reduction effect of the governance measure are discriminated and analyzed herein. The study shows that(1)the Loess Plateau experiences five ty-pical governance processes and the dominant hue of the Loess Plateau changes from yellow to green, while the underlying surface therein is irreversibly changed;(2)since 2000, the rainfalls during flood seasonsare relatively abundant along with the increases of extreme rainfalls, while the sediment transport of the Yellow River is sharply decreased by 85% if it is compared with that du-ring the period of 1919—1959 along with the decreases of the occurrence frequencies of the middle stream moderate and normal floods and the transformation of the downstream channel sedimentation into erosion;(3)the sediment reduction effects from grass-land, terraced fields and warp-land dams are significant along with the sediment discharge ratio of less than 15%, thus the phenomenon of the so called"deposit in installments while withdraw in lump sum"is difficult to occur;(4)comparing with the historical extreme rainfall events, the typical secondary flood volumes and sediment yields within the river basin are decreased by 30%～78% and 53%～88% respectively with significant soil and water conservation effects under the conditions of the similar rainfalls and the intensities after 2000;(5)it is advisable to adjust the patterns of the soil erosion governanceof the Loess Plateau, perfect the water-sediment regulation system, improve the downstream channel and emancipate the flood plain under the new situation of water-sediment regime therein.
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Simulative analysis on storm flood in typical urban region of Beijing based on SWMM
CONG Xiang-yu1, NI Guang-heng1, HUI Shi-bo1, TIAN Fu-qiang1, ZHANG Tong2(1.Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,China; 2.Beijing Municipal Institute of Hydraulic Engineering Planning, Design & Research, Beijing 100044,China)Based on SWMM(Storm Water Management Model), a typical urban region is selected to calculate the status under the design storms with different frequencies in the region, such as drainage effect and water-logging, overland flow on road etc.,and simultaneously, the storm floods under different conditions, including reforming the protruding green belts into plain or concave ones, placing flood storage areas etc.,are simulated with the evaluation on their effects. The simulative calculation results show that all the three measures mentioned herein have larger effects on the infiltration, runoff, flood peak flow and overland flow and can greatly alleviate the pressure of the draining pipeline, clip the flood peak and increase the infiltration as well, if they are taken as the additional important measures of urban drainage for flood control.
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2022—2023 Journal Catalogue
