About the Journal
Journal Title: Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering
Publication Cycle: Monthly(Published on the 20th of each month)
Governing Body: Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China
Sponsor: Development Research Center of the Ministry of Water Resources
Tel: 010-63205981
E-mail： 13941816@qq.com
China Standard Serial Number (CN): 10-1746/TV
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 1000-0860
News
Review of nitrogen migration mechanism in Karst water systems of Southern China
GU Haochen;LUO Mingming;ZHOU Hong;[Objective] The mechanism of nitrogen transport in karst water system is a critical issue in the study of karst groundwater pollution and plays a key controlling role in the migration process of contaminants within karst watershed. Due to the unique geological structure and hydrological conditions in the karst regions of Southern China, the nitrogen transport process is extremely complex, posing significant challenges in characterizing and simulating its physical processes. [ Methods] Relevant domestic and international studies are systematically reviewed. It summarizes and analyzes nitrogen source identification, transformation processes, influencing factors, and simulation approaches. Key gaps and weaknesses in current research are identified. [Results]The primary limitations of current research lie in the predominant focus on the recharge and discharge zones of karst catchments, while studies on the internal processes of underground rivers remain relatively limited. Furthermore, the understanding of chemical processes such as mineralization and dissimilatory reactions and microbial mechanisms driving nitrogen transformation requires further deepening. Additionally, modeling approaches for nitrogen transport and research on emerging contaminants in karst regions are still in their nascent stages. [ Conclusion] Future research should commence with enhanced monitoring of karst water system to obtain more comprehensive data for further study; delve into the relationship between microbial and nitrogen transformation to reveal the biogeochemical mechanisms of nitrogen transport in karst water system; develop nitrogen transport models tailored to karst regions to strengthen the study of solute migration mechanisms; and expand the research scope to emerging pollutants such as suspended particulate matter, investigating their impact mechanisms on nitrogen transport.
Study on hierarchical and coordinated optimization of site selection for large-scale flood disaster preparedness material reserves
LU Jiahui;ZHOU Jinjun;LIU Jiahong;NING Zhanjin;LIN Jinliang;TANG Xinyue;ZHAO Zitong;[Objective]To address the complex spatial distribution, significant heterogeneity of demand points, and insufficient efficiency of resource allocation in emergency material reserve location under flood disaster scenarios, an optimization approach integrating demand-based zoning and hierarchical facility allocation is developed. [Methods]Multi-dimensional feature vectors of demand points were constructed from three dimensions, including hazard, exposure, and accessibility. After normalization, a self-organizing map( SOM) neural network was employed to achieve topological mapping of high-dimensional features. The within-cluster sum of squared errors was calculated based on the neuron weight space, and the optimal number of demand clusters was determined using the elbow method. At the subregional level, a primary reserve location model was established, with the objective of minimizing the product of demand weight and transportation distance. At the global level, a higher-level reserve location model was constructed for optimization. [Results]The results showed that the optimal number of demand clusters was determined to be 34. Based on the classification result of the 34 subregions, primary reserves achieved effective coverage of intraregional demand. On this basis, eight higher-level reserves were identified through global optimization to enable coordinated resource allocation. Compared with conventional method, construction cost was reduced by approximately 16. 1%, and the weighted average response time was shortened by approximately 17. 1%. [ Conclusion] The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively characterize the multidimensional heterogeneity of demand points under flood disaster scenarios and achieve zoning-driven two-level optimization of reserve allocation. Through the framework of “SOM-based zoning-local optimization-global coordination,” the spatial adaptability and system efficiency of emergency resource allocation can be significantly improved.
Evolution and attribution analysis of extreme climate under global warming and urbanization:based on observed data from Suqian City during 1955—2024
SUN Zhouliang;XI Hui;ZHU Mingjuan;FANG Qiong;LI Yingrui;WANG Min;LI Tao;[Objective] The evolution patterns of extreme climate in cities within the north-south climate transition zone are revealed, thereby providing scientific support for disaster prevention and mitigation, water resources regulation, and climate resilience construction in Suqian City. [Methods]Daily temperature and precipitation observation data from four meteorological stations in Suqian during 1955—2024 were used. Linear trend analysis, the Mann-Kendall test, the trend-free pre-whitening MK test, and the Pettitt abrupt change test were applied to identify evolution characteristics of climatic series. A system consisting of 44 extreme climate indicators was constructed to analyze evolution patterns of extreme precipitation, extreme temperature, and compound extreme events. Partial correlation analysis, stepwise regression, piecewise multiple regression, and hierarchical variance decomposition were used to quantify the effects of three driving factors, namely, global warming, atmospheric circulation, and urbanization. [Results] Over the past 70 years, no significant trend or abrupt change was detected in annual total precipitation, while a remarkable transformation was observed in precipitation structure. The frequency of moderate rainfall events decreased, and the proportions of rainstorms, short-duration extreme precipitation, and nighttime precipitation continuously increased, leading to shorter and more evenly distributed precipitation processes. The annual average temperature increased extremely significantly at a rate of 0. 28～0. 38 ℃ per decade, and consistent abrupt changes occurred across the whole study area in 1993. Diurnal asymmetric warming characteristics were observed. The warming rate of nighttime low temperature was significantly higher than that of daytime temperature, and the diurnal temperature range was continuously reduced. The reduction in cold events was far greater than the increase in warm events. Dry-warm and dry-cold compound extreme events were dominant, while warm-wet and cold-wet events occurred at very low frequencies, indicating a shift in climate risk from cold-dry dominance to warm-dry dominance. According to variance decomposition result, an independent variance contribution of 23. 2% was obtained for global warming, and independent contributions of 3. 1% and 8. 8% were obtained for large-scale atmospheric circulation and local urbanization, respectively. A total of 13. 4% of temperature variation was explained by multi-factor coupling interaction. Piecewise regression result showed that the local response intensity of regional climate to atmospheric circulation and global warming was weakened by rapid urbanization, and no significant linear warming effect was detected for urbanization.[Conclusion]A systematic transformation of climate features is identified in Suqian during 1955—2024, with diurnal asymmetric warming, intensified extreme precipitation, and warm-dominated compound climate risks as the three core characteristics. Global warming dominates regional temperature variations. Urbanization alters climate conditions only through long-term cumulative effects, whereas its marginal warming effect is insignificant. The findings can provide a reference for climate adaptation and disaster prevention in similar cities within the north-south climate transition zone.
Operational safety risk events of hydropower stations and their evolution characteristics based on complex networks
ZHOU Min;CAO Hai;ZHANG Pengchao;LIN Junqiang;ZHU Boran;REN Yufeng;[Objective] Complex causal coupling effects and cascading propagation exist among operational risks in hydropower stations, which accelerate the dynamic evolution of risk events and increase the unpredictability and uncontrollability of their consequences. Scientific identification of risk events and their evolution characteristics is essential for ensuring the safe operation of hydropower stations. [Methods] Through text data mining of historical risk event logs from hydropower stations, triggering events, process events, consequence events, and their developmental relationships were extracted. A complex network model of risk events was constructed, and the network topology and evolutionary characteristics of the risk event development process were quantitatively analyzed. [Results]The constructed risk propagation network for hydropower stations consisted of 102 nodes and 125 directed edges. The “unit cut-off” node had an out-degree of 29, the “circuit breaker trip” node had an in-degree of 5, and the “abnormal downstream water level” node had both closeness centrality and eigenvector centrality of 1. The edge “unit cut-off → external transmission channel interruption” had the highest edge betweenness. The chain “isolating switch equipment failure → three-phase current imbalance → external transmission channel interruption → all circuit breakers disconnected → total station blackout” had the highest transmission probability. [Conclusion] Significant functional differences are observed among nodes and chains in risk propagation within the hydropower station risk network. Nodes with high out-degree and high closeness centrality are potential risk sources. Nodes with high eigenvector centrality occupy core positions in the network structure, and nodes with high in-degree tend to become risk aggregation points. Chains with high edge betweenness are critical transmission channels with significant bridging effects. High-probability risk evolution paths reveal strong causal coupling relationships among risk events. Key chains such as “unit cut-off → external transmission channel interruption → all circuit breakers disconnected” exhibit strong propagation capability within the network, requiring prioritized deployment of monitoring and coordinated prevention and control mechanisms.
Experiment and numerical simulation of rainwater retention capacity of layered-soil green roofs
WANG Zhijun;ZHONG Yong;LIU Hongjuan;WANG Wei;XU Hongtao;XIAO Liang;JIANG Mingjie;WU Jie;MEI Guoxiong;[Objective]Improving the rainwater retention capacity(RRC) of green roofs has been recognized as an important part of urban stormwater management. As the substrate layer is a key structural element of green roofs, investigating the influence mechanism of layered soil substrates on the RRC of green roofs has a positive impact on green roof design. [Methods]Green roof models were established using layered soil and two single-soil configurations with different material mix ratios. Hydraulic parameters of the layered soil were obtained using the inverse solution module of the HYDRUS-1D software. Through four months of dry-wet cycles, the RRC of the three models was studied. Simulations were performed to examine the effects of initial water content, saturated water content, and other factors on the RRC of layered-soil green roofs, followed by the sensitivity analysis of these parameters. Additionally, simulations were conducted to examine the RRC of layered-soil green roofs under different rainstorm return periods. [Results]The result showed that the RRC of layered soil was 5% and 1% higher, respectively, than that of the single-soil configurations. The layered soil showed greater reduction in peak drainage and longer peak drainage delay. Initial water content, saturated water content, permeability, and depth ratio of upper to lower layers all have certain effects on the RRC of layered-soil green roofs, with saturated water content having the strongest effect. When the maximum surface water storage depth was 10 mm, peak surface runoff of the green roofs was reduced by 22%, 15%, 14%, and 12% under different rainstorm return periods, respectively. [Conclusion] The findings show that layered soil exhibits higher RRC than single-soil configurations, demonstrating better hydrological performance. To achieve better hydrological performance of layered-soil green roofs, the substrate layer should comprise a high-permeability upper soil layer and a low-permeability lower soil layer, with the depth ratio of the two layers maintained within a reasonable range. Allowing surface ponding infiltration during rainstorms can effectively reduce peak runoff and delay the onset of surface runoff.
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2022—2023 Journal Catalogue
