Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

Current Issue

  • Multi-step prediction of water level in Wudongde Reservoir based on LSTM-Informer model

    DUAN Yaobin;LIU Deng;MAN Hanlin;CHEN Xiao;LUO Hang;CHEN Ping;HU Yifan;YAO Fei;GAO Pei;China Yangtze Power Company;PowerChina Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited;

    In order to solve the problem of short foresight period of deep learning algorithms in reservoir water level prediction, the LSTM-Informer reservoir water level prediction model is constructed with Wudongde Reservoir as an example, which predicts the reservoir water level in the future for 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 steps, and compares the prediction result with those of the LSTM and Informer models. The results show that when the prediction step size is not more than 12, all three models can simulate the reservoir level well and the performance difference is not obvious, when the prediction step size is more than 12, the performance of the three models is LSTM-Informer>Informer>LSTM, and the RMSE and MAE of the LSTM-Informer model at 96 steps are 0.147 and 0.120 respectively, and the RMSE of the LSTM-Informer model is 25%, 46% and 62% lower than LSTM, and the MAE is 23%, 40% and 47% lower than LSTM, respectively. The combined model LSTM-Informer can solve the long time series reservoir level prediction problem better.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2225K]

  • Practice and exploration of implementing safety production responsibility system through security grid management

    LU Wei;WANG Hai;ZHANG Ting;WU Maojin;Shenzhen Raw Water Company;

    Currently, some enterprises still face problems such as unclear control responsibilities, long management hierarchy chains, and lack of joint management efforts in promoting the implementation of the safety production responsibility system. Security grid management decomposes security management responsibilities into specific areas, positions, and personnel, strengthens the execution of security management, and implements the safety production responsibility system. Xili Reservoir to Nanshan Water Plant raw water pipe project of Shenzhen Raw Water Company was taken as an example, and the effective operation mode of safety grid management in the field of engineering construction was explored from the characteristics of safety grid management “fixed grid, fixed personnel, and fixed responsibility” and the working mechanism of “clear responsibility, performance, and evaluation”. Secondly, specific work ideas on how to carry out smart supervision in the follow-up of work safety grid was put forward. A new model of “Internet plus+grid” smart safety supervision was built to assist project safety management. Research findings provide a scientific management method and evaluation mechanism for the implementation of safety production responsibility system in construction projects, which is of great significance for improving the safety management level of projects.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2453K]

  • Research and application of BIM forward collaborative design method for water conservancy engineering based on 3DE platform

    FENG Min;JIA Ningxiao;FU Xing'an;Changjiang Institute of Survey,Planning, Design & Research;Internet+ Intelligent Water Conservancy Key Laboratory,Changjiang Water Resources Commission;

    BIM technology, as an important technical means to promote the digitalization and intelligentization of water conservancy project construction, has become a strong support for the high-quality and innovative development of the industry. With the continuous deepening of BIM technology application in the survey and design of water conservancy projects, limited by the complexity of the survey and design business processes of water conservancy projects, there are still significant bottlenecks in the promotion of BIM forward collaborative design and related applications, [Results]ing in insufficient value of BIM in the design stage. In order to effectively promote the application of BIM forward collaborative design in the industry, this paper proposes a forward collaborative design method for water conservancy and hydropower projects based on the 3DExperience platform by sorting out the BIM collaborative design system, summarizing the forward design operation process, and refining BIM business application scenarios. Relying on the Gongming-Qinglinjing Reservoir Connection Project in Shenzhen, the forward collaborative design application practice was carried out. Through the BIM forward design planning of the project, a multi-dimensional collaborative design system was constructed, including business collaboration between survey and design professionals, collaboration between design and computational analysis, collaboration between design and construction simulation, and collaboration between design and management. Multi-level applications such as digital survey, design management, route selection analysis, scheme optimization, engineering measurement, rapid drawing, simulation analysis, and digital delivery were achieved, effectively improving the quality and efficiency of design. This helped the project achieve the overall goal of completing feasibility studies, preliminary design, and bidding design work within one year, creating significant application value.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3615K]

  • Luotian Reservoir upgrading and renovation project dam foundation curtain grouting design

    GAO Yang;HUANG Gui;YANG Bo;Yangtze River Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co., Ltd.;Shenzhen Gongming Water Supply and Storage Project Management Office;

    As an important node in the Pearl River Delta water resource allocation project, the safe operation of Luotian Reservoir is crucial for ensuring regional water supply safety and flood control system. With the passage of time and the improvement of functional standards, reservoir dams are facing problems such as high permeability of rock and soil in the dam foundation, leading to serious leakage. In order to improve the safety and stability of the dam, a systematic design scheme for dam foundation curtain grouting was proposed. Taking Luotian Reservoir as an example, the engineering overview, existing problems, leakage estimation and analysis, curtain grouting design, construction technical requirements, and common problem handling of Luotian Reservoir are introduced in detail. After the implementation of the designed dam foundation curtain grouting scheme, the leakage of the Luotian Reservoir dam was significantly improved, and the effect was significant, achieving the goal of anti-seepage reinforcement. The effectiveness and feasibility of the dam foundation curtain grouting scheme were verified. The proposed design scheme provides reference and inspiration for anti-seepage reinforcement engineering of similar dangerous reservoir dams.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2028K]

  • Research on the seepage influence of deep-buried water conveyance tunnel project under-crossing reservoir in urban

    XIE Liangtao;MENG Gang;XU Wenlin;SUN Haiqing;MA Can;DENG Xiangkun;Changjiang Institute of Survey,Planning, Design and Research;

    With the acceleration of urbanization, the urban deep-buried water conveyance tunnel project has become an important infrastructure to solve the problem of urban water supply. However, in engineering practice, seepage problems often occur under complex geological conditions such as reservoirs, which not only affect the safety of the project, but also pose a potential threat to the environment. Based on the background of a deep buried water conveyance tunnel project in a city, the analysis and research on the seepage influence of the tunnel under the reservoir were systematically carried out. The relevant research result can provide reference for the follow-up similar engineering construction.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3803K]

  • Research on excavation and reverse construction technology for deep and large vertical shafts

    LI Guanglin;LIU Jianwu;Shenzhen Raw Water Company;

    Reverse construction method is an unconventional construction method, generally used in special situations such as deep foundations, complex geology, and high groundwater levels. Underground structures are constructed using reverse construction method, which can reduce costs, shorten construction periods, reduce the impact on the surrounding environment, and ensure construction safety. It is an effective method for constructing high-rise basement or underground structures. However, the theoretical analysis of underground structures started relatively late, especially in terms of construction theory, which is not yet very complete. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth and detailed research on the construction process.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1763K]

  • Research on key technologies for selection and design of regulating valves in gravity pressure flow engineering

    CHEN Sheng;PENG Zhiyuan;ZOU Haiqing;TIAN Ziqin;Changjiang Institute of Survey,Planning, Design and Research;

    The flow control valve mainly achieves flow control by adjusting the valve opening. Different valve types and structural types can be selected according to different engineering characteristics, application scenarios, and pressure regulation range requirements. If the valve type is not selected properly, it not only affects the accuracy of flow control, but also causes valve vibration and noise due to cavitation problems, thereby affecting the service life of flow control valves. Therefore, it is crucial to choose the appropriate type and parameters of regulating valves based on the characteristics of the project and the usage scenario. A selection and design method were summarized for flow control valves in gravity pressurized flow engineering. A comprehensive analysis and comparison of flow control valves are conducted from several aspects such as valve type, diameter selection, installation elevation, and cavitation performance. The method has been successfully applied to the connection project between Shenzhen Gongming Reservoir and Qinglinjing Reservoir, ensuring the reliability, safety, and stability of project operation. This selection design method can provide reference for similar long-distance water transportation projects in the future, and has certain engineering application value.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1823K]

  • Analysis of the bearing characteristics of the segment-bean gravel-surrounding rock combination structure

    LIU Lin;Hubei Water Resources and Hydropower Science and Technology Information Center, Hubei Water Resources Research Institute;

    The combined structure of segment-bean gravel-surrounding rock is the main bearing structure of TBM with pressure water transmission tunnel. Taking the TBM section of the water transmission tunnel in Hubei as the research object, the three-dimensional finite element numerical analysis model of segment-bean gravel-surrounding rock combined structure is established, and the internal pressure bearing characteristics of the combined structure under the influence of excavation load release are considered. The result show that considering the overall stress, joint opening and bolt stress in the case of partial excavation load release, it is more beneficial to the segment to bear the inner water pressure; the main location near the inclined bolt will affect the crack distribution; the wedge cap affects the stress distribution of the segment bolt under the inner water pressure, and the internal water pressure under the inner water pressure.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4519K]

  • Numerical analysis of segment linings in deep buried tunnels

    ZHANG Fang;YE Wenkun;Shenzhen Raw Water Co., Ltd.;

    Deep buried hydraulic tunnels bear both external soil and water loads as well as internal water pressure during operation. Under high internal water pressure, the stress and deformation of their pipe structure are very complex. Relying on the Changhua River Water Resources Allocation Project in Hainan Province, the mechanical characteristics of the segment structure of high-pressure shield tunnels were explored from two perspectives: bearing different construction excavation loads and different segment assembly method. The results show:(1) The larger the excavation load borne by the pipe segment, the more obvious the “transverse elliptical” deformation of the pipe segment, and the more the circumferential stress distribution of the pipe segment tends towards a “necking” shape. The stress of circumferential bolts is related to the opening amount of pipe joints, and the distribution of pipe joint opening amount varies when bearing different construction excavation loads.(2) There is significant displacement and displacement between the staggered assembly structure rings, and the presence of longitudinal bolts and friction between the rings gives it a significant longitudinal strengthening effect.(3) Longitudinal bolts can share the stress state of circumferential bolts, and the stiffness of single ring pipe segments is significantly lower than that of multi ring pipe segments. It is recommended to use shear multi ring pipe segment structures in numerical simulations.(4) There is basically no interaction effect between the rings in the seamless structure pipe segments, and there is a process of internal force transmission in the staggered structure pipe segments, which decreases from the middle ring to both ends. Under the interaction force between the pipe segments and the action of longitudinal bolts, the stiffness of the middle ring pipe segments is improved.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4753K]

  • Study on type selection of 9 m shield tunneling machine for intercity railway under complex karst geological conditions

    LI Zhongwei;LU Wei;JING Xiangyang;Shenzhen Longgang District Railway Planning and Construction Coordination Affairs Center;Shenzhen Raw Water Co., Ltd.;

    In the process of urban underground rail transit engineering construction, suitable shield equipment selection is the key factor of tunnel construction, and the scientific and reasonable design of key equipment components is the core of safe and efficient shield tunneling. There are complex geological problems such as karst, composite strata and long distance hard rock along the tunnel between Shenhui Intercity Longcheng Station and Longling working well. Based on factors such as formation adaptability, construction risk, duration and cost, the type selection of 9 m shield tunneling machine is studied. The result show that EPB/TBM dual-mode shield is feasible, which could provide technical reference for similar formation shield equipment selection.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4242K]

  • Construction and application of a knowledge graph for EPC engineering management in the Yangtze River Protection Project

    ZHONG Qianyou;LIU Xingning;GUO Xianqiang;LAI Yishu;ZHANG Hanxu;WU Xueming;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University;School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University;PowerChina Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited;Yangtze Three Gorges Technology &Economy Development Corporation Limited;

    In the modern industrial environment, the field of water EPC management is faced with unprecedented complex data management and decision-making challenges. With the continuous growth of data volume, traditional data processing method have been difficult to meet the requirements of efficient and high-precision knowledge extraction and management. The construction technology of knowledge graph was discussed for water conservancy EPC enterprise management based on deep learning. Entity identification is carried out by combining BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model, and inter-entity relationship extraction is carried out by using improved BERT-BiGRU-Attention model. The knowledge graph construction and systematic analysis are carried out on the information of standards, specifications and management documents in the field of water conservancy EPC management. The result show that the entity recognition rate and relation extraction rate of the improved knowledge extraction model in the field of water conservancy engineering management are as high as 93.5% and 92.9% respectively, which significantly improves the efficiency of EPC knowledge management and lays a foundation for comprehensive knowledge application. Finally, knowledge extraction was integrated with the water conservancy EPC management platform, which has a friendly operation interface and supports dynamic knowledge update and knowledge query. To sum up, the study findings provide a dynamically updated and rich knowledge graph resource base for professionals in the field of water conservancy engineering management, enhances the complex decision-making ability in the process of EPC project management through the water conservancy EPC management platform, and promotes the intelligent management of water conservancy EPC projects.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3341K]

  • Intelligent image recognition and positioning of water pollution in river regulation projects based on UAV aerial photography

    HOU Jiangang;MA Ziru;LIU Donghai;SHAO Qi;CHEN Junjie;Yangtze Three Gorges Technology and Economy Development Co., Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University;Department of Real Estate and Construction, University of Hongkong;

    Construction wastewater of small watersheds regulation projects cause river pollution. As a long-line project, river regulation often shows a scattered distribution, with inconvenient transportation, manual inspection is difficult to guarantee the efficiency of construction water pollution control. At present, intelligent inspection is usually used to identify floating objects, which is difficult to identify water pollution such as sewage and water bloom. This paper proposed an intelligent recognition and positioning method for anomaly images of water pollution in river regulation projects based on UAV aerial photography and deep learning. The aerial images of working area are collected by UAV inspection, and an EfficientNet-B0 model of intelligent identification and classification of construction water pollution image is established based on the MBConv module optimized by the SENet attention mechanism. Transfer learning is used to train the model, which can make the pollution-related features extracted by the model more directional, and improve the training speed and accuracy of the model. Then, the feature map of pollution area based on Grad-CAM(Class Activation Mapping) and fully connected CRF(Conditional Random Fields) can modify the misclassification area that achieve more refined fast marking and positioning of pollution area.The practical application result show that the classification accuracy of water pollution images is 98% and the evaluation index ORI of the positioning method is 96.91%. This study can provide advanced technical means for project managers to quickly control the water pollution of long-line river regulation projects.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3842K]

  • Construction specification knowledge extraction method based on hybrid deep learning algorithm

    DENG Xufang;CHENG Fei;LYU Yuangeng;DENG Lun;LIU Leping;FENG Jingyi;China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University;

    Engineering specifications are one of the important standard documents commonly used in the construction process. Faced with these unstructured engineering specification texts, efficiently and accurately extracting relevant knowledge and presenting this knowledge in a visual format plays a significant role in improving knowledge utilization efficiency and enhancing management personnel′s understanding of engineering specification texts. A deep learning-based method was proposed for extracting knowledge from typical engineering specification texts, integrating ALBERT(A Lite Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers), BiLSTM(Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory), and CRF(Conditional Random Fields) to establish an entity recognition model for engineering specifications. The model enhances the semantic features of the text to identify entities within the engineering specifications. Additionally, it employs the Attention mechanism and BiLSTM to extract relationships from the engineering specifications and constructs an engineering specification knowledge graph based on the extracted knowledge. Using the “Construction and Acceptance Specifications for Water Supply and Drainage Pipeline Projects” as a typical example, the method was validated, yielding an F1 score of 78.18% for entity recognition, which is superior to traditional models, and an F1 score of 98.35% for relationship extraction. Leveraging this knowledge, an engineering specification knowledge graph was established. Through a knowledge graph-based global information display, specific information retrieval, the efficiency of utilizing engineering specification knowledge was improved, assisting with on-site construction.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2841K]

  • Intelligent recognition and analysis of concrete material text based on image data

    DENG Xufang;LIU Leping;CHEN Zhenghu;ZHONG Heng;LYU Yuangeng;FENG Jingyi;China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University;

    During the construction of concrete dams, a large amount of material information expressed in unstructured text is generated, which is of great significance for engineering quality inspection and further research and development of materials. Due to the limitations of data management technology, there is a large amount of material text data stored in the form of images, which is difficult to directly edit and utilize, and cannot meet the needs of intelligent analysis and management of concrete dam material data. In addition, there is currently a lack of intelligent information extraction mechanisms for massive material text data, making it difficult to efficiently obtain key information from the text. An intelligent interpretation method was proposed for concrete material text based on image data, which identifies text information in image data and improves the detection and recognition efficiency of inclined material text. Based on the interpreted image data, starting from the multi perspective text feature relationship, using MMR algorithm as the framework, combined with BERT model and TF-IDF algorithm, considering the importance of text semantics and professional terminology, a set of intelligent analysis technology for concrete material text was established to extract key information from concrete material text. Based on actual concrete material text, the accuracy of extracting keywords using this method is 86.67%, which is superior to other commonly used keyword extraction models. Research findings provide a new method for processing non editable text data of concrete materials, which helps to improve the intelligent management level of concrete dam material data.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3825K]

  • Construction scheme category and text classification model realization research classification

    DU Runlong;TAN Kexin;GAO Tian;HAN Zhi;XU Yunfeng;Yangtze Three Gorges Technology and Economy Development Co.,Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University;

    Construction scheme is one of the most important contents of construction organization design. The application of natural language processing to extract and review construction schemes from unstructured texts can improve review efficiency, enhance preparation quality, and identify potential safety and quality risks for early construction warnings. To extract construction schemes from unstructured texts, it is necessary to first clarify the content composition of different types of construction schemes and classify the contents of relevant paragraphs. Aiming at the classification of unstructured construction scheme paragraphs, classification of construction organization design paragraphs of urban pipe network engineering was taken as samples on the basis of in-depth study of construction scheme categories and content composition framework, and proposes a paragraph text classification model integrating Albert and TextRCNN. This model uses Albert pretraining language model for word embedding, and input the generated word vector into TextRCNN classifier to complete text classification. It outperforms Albert-TextCNN, which has the best classification effect among the other three models, and the accuracy increases by 0.79%. The experiment shows that: TextRCNN combined with Albert can effectively classify the contents of the construction organization design paragraphs, providing a basis for further construction scheme extraction.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2614K]

  • Mega project safety hazards entities extraction and knowledge mining method based on UIE and improved Apriori Algorithm

    LIU Guoping;LI Xin;LIU Donghai;ZHOU Shijie;WU Hongyan;Yangtze Three Gorges Technology and Economy Development Co., Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University;

    Mega projects generate a vast amount of safety hazard inspection records, which contain valuable knowledge on the relationships between various hazard elements and are essential for safety management. However, manually extracting safety hazard information and uncovering their internal correlations is time-consuming and inefficient, making it difficult to provide timely feedback for on-site safety management. An intelligent extraction and knowledge mining method was proposed for hazard source entities based on the Universal Information Extraction(UIE) framework and an improved Apriori algorithm. First, a safety hazard entity recognition model is constructed using the UIE framework, with specific entity extraction prompts defined. The model is fine-tuned with few-shot learning to achieve efficient and accurate automatic extraction of safety hazard entities. Then, an improved Apriori algorithm is introduced, considering the constraints of hazard data types, to perform multi-factor association rule mining and visualization. Case analysis shows that the proposed safety hazard entity extraction model achieved F1 scores of 0.892 and 0.886 on the validation and test datasets respectively, significantly outperforming the baseline model′s scores of 0.253 and 0.307, and the overall entity recognition rate improves 36.66%. Additionally, the extracted multi-factor strong association rules are visualized using Sankey diagrams and association network graphs, demonstrating good interpretability. Research findings provides an efficient and intelligent method for mining knowledge from the vast amount of safety hazard text data generated in mega construction projects, offering data-driven support for the development of targeted safety management measures on construction sites.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3211K]

  • Innovative research on efficient decoration methods for generator floor in underground powerhouse

    SUN Zhong'ao;YANG Fengrui;JIANG Deping;ZOU Ya'nan;WANG Dengke;Sinohydro Bureau 6 Co.,Ltd.;Northeast Electric Power University School of Economic and Management;

    The generator floor of a pumped storage power station, as an important component of the underground powerhouse, is a crucial site for power production. During the operation of the units, significant vibrations occur, which impose higher requirements on the decoration materials and construction techniques. Compared with the traditional decoration style of the generator floor in underground powerhouses, the Qingyuan Pumped Storage Power Station underground powerhouse innovatively adopts an exposed structural column decoration form to showcase the clear concrete process and industrial factory style. It uses galvanized keels in combination with aluminum single plates, and fills rock wool color steel plates to form a composite aluminum plate to replace the traditional infill wall. Moreover, an aluminum plate installation mobile construction platform is designed and fabricated. Through SOLIDWORKS finite element simulation analysis and BIM modeling to integrate related specialties, the entire construction process is guided and dynamically controlled, effectively ensuring the quality and progress of the generator floor decoration.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2466K]

  • Selection and analysis of current limiting reactors for generator branch circuits of pumped storage power station

    WANG Jianming;ZHANG Mei;YANG Chunshu;TIAN Xu;HUANG Yuanxin;YUAN Rui;PowerChina Beijing Engineering Coproration Limited;Patent Examination Cooperation(Beijing) Center of the Patent Office of CNIPA;

    Starting from theoretical basis and engineering practice, this article derives a calculation formula for the reactance percentage of current limiting reactors that is in line with engineering practice, intuitive and easy to understand, and convenient to use. Taking the Qingyuan Pumped Storage Power Station as an example, the main process of selecting current limiting reactors was analyzed, and the main technical indicators of current limiting reactors were calculated. The selected parameters such as voltage drop and maximum temperature were verified to ensure that they meet the requirements of the specifications and practical engineering needs.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1765K]

  • A technical study on the design of the ventilation control system for water conservancy and hydropower projects

    WANG Xu;ZHANG Shijia;GUO Xiaoyuan;Power China Beijing Engineering Coproration Limited;

    The good operation of ventilation system of water conservancy and hydropower project is very important for the safe operation of the project. ventilation control system is the basis for ensuring the orderly, stable and reliable operation of the entire ventilation air conditioning system. Its design mainly considers the system structure, networking mode, terminal control loop, linkage mode with other systems, etc. According to the different control areas, investment requirements, owners' requirements, design concepts and other factors of the building ventilation of water conservancy and hydropower projects, different design schemes can be selected. The classification design of selectivity for ventilation control system in water conservancy and hydropower projects under different engineering conditions was described, which is of great significance in improving design efficiency, structural stability, saving project costs and other aspects. At the same time, the ventilation control design scheme is summarized, which uses star Ethernet network, pure relay circuit and small PLC, and uses network linkage fire alarm to stop non fire fan. Its advanced design idea is practiced and verified in Qingyuan Pumped Storage Power Station. Finally, through years of design experience, the author also extended and discussed the future development trend and goals of ventilation control system.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1779K]

  • The summarize of Qingyuan Pumped Storage Power Station unit automatic control systems

    SHI Luping;ZHANG Yihao;GUO Xiaoyuan;Power China Beijing Engineering Corporation Limited;

    The auxiliary control systems for hydraulic turbines and generators, the condenser dewatering system, and the spherical valve control system about Qingyuan Pumped Storage Power Station are decribede in this artical. It is also introduced the design of the guide vane opening, the rotational speed measurement, and the power supply principle for controlling circuit. Through these introduction and summary, it is easy to understand and master the control principles and the key issues of the automatic control system, which is closely to the daily operation of this power station. The result provide a basis and reference to the design of the upcoming pumped power stations.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1766K]

  • Discussion on stage difference coordination of DC system in qingyuan pumped storage power station

    GUO Xiaoyuan;SONG Nan;Power China Beijing Engineering Corporation Limited;

    In the power system of pumped storage power station, DC power supply, as the control power supply, relay protection and device power supply and the power supply of some important motors, is an important guarantee for the safe and stable operation of the whole unit. With the continuous advancement of smart grid technology, the protection and control loads within power stations are increasing, which further enhances the demand for automated and intelligent equipment. In DC systems, higher standards are set for overload protection and short-circuit protection of protective devices, requiring these devices to neither false operate nor refuse to operate, especially to avoid over-stepping actions. Once such a situation occurs, it may cause damage to power components, leading to an expansion of the accident scope, and even potentially triggering large-scale blackouts. The State Grid Corporation has initiated a series of research efforts regarding the reliability of DC power supplies, with a key task being the optimization of short-circuit level coordination for air switches in DC systems. The differential coordination of DC air switch is one of the main indicators to judge the reasonable configuration and safe operation of DC power supply system. The differential coordination calculation verifies whether the upper and lower air switches of DC power supply comply with the design specifications, and whether the fault removing range can be limited to the minimum to ensure the reliability of DC power supply to the greatest extent. This paper explains the basic principle and main method of range matching calculation in detail. Combined with the DC system level difference matching calculation of Qingyuan Pumped Storage Power Station, the paper puts forward the method and suggestions to optimize the DC power system configuration, eliminate the hidden dangers, and strengthen the operation and maintenance.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2018K]

  • Design and research of grounding system of Qingyuan Pumped Storage Power Station

    JIN Huan;TIAN Kan;WANG Zichuan;YUAN Rui;WANG Jun;GAO Xu;QIU Zhen;PowerChina Beijing Engineering Coproration Limited;State Grid Xinyuan Group Co., Ltd.;

    In the power system, for the needs of work and safety, it is often necessary to connect some parts of the power system and its electrical equipment with the earth, which is grounding. The ground network and soil of the Qingyuan pumped storage power station are modeled, the maximum grounding impedance of the power station is calculated and analyzed, and measures to reduce the grounding resistance are proposed.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2095K]

  • Numerical simulation study of exhaust system

    XU Juan;JIN Huan;LI Zaixing;XU Tao;TIAN Kan;PowerChina Beijing Engineering Coproration Limited;Xinjiang Beixin Road & Bridge Group Co., Ltd.;State Grid Xinyuan Group Co., Ltd.;

    The numerical simulation study of the exhaust air system mainly simulates the temperature field and velocity field of the airflow under the three working conditions of summer, transition season and winter for the exhaust flat tunnel and exhaust shaft, and establishes the equal scale numerical model through CFD calculation software to simulate the airflow organization and flow conditions of the exhaust system under different working conditions in the actual operation process. The CFD simulation method can be seen as basically simulating the flow of a fluid under the control of the flow equations(mass equation, momentum equation, energy equation). Through simulation, the distribution of basic physical quantities(such as velocity, temperature, humidity, etc.) at each location in the flow field of complex problems can be obtained over time. The numerical simulation study of the exhaust system mainly verifies the feasibility of the ventilation scheme of the exhaust system under the condition of designing the air supply and exhaust parameters and the layout of the air outlet, and provides reference opinions for the design to further optimize and improve the exhaust system scheme and equipment selection.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3088K]

  • Research on improving the durability of concrete face rockfill dams of pumped storage power stations in severe cold regions

    XING Shanshan;XIE Gang;DENG Guangxin;ZHANG Jun;JIANG Zhiguo;PowerChina Beijing Engineering Corporation Limited;China Water Resources Beifang Investigation, Design and Research Co., Ltd.;High-tech Research Institute, Beijing University of Chemical Technology;

    The operation condition of the reservoir of pumped-storage hydroelectricity is different from conventional hydropower station reservoir, which has the characteristics of frequent rise and fall of reservoir water level, fast rise and fall, and large drop depth. In order to adapt to the low-temperature operating environment in severe cold areas, higher requirements have been put forward for the construction materials and water stop system of the face slab rockfill dam in the design. Relying on Qingyuan Pumped-storage hydroelectricity, this paper systematically studies the cushion material design of concrete face rockfill dam, concrete mix ratio of face slab structure, surface water stop structure type, anti ice uplift measures of face slab surface, and puts forward suggestions on key anti freezing technologies of face slab rockfill dam in severe cold areas for reference of subsequent projects.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2508K]

  • Installation and welding process and problem handling of box shaped door slot

    ZENG Yubo;WANG Zhiguo;WANG Deqiang;Sinohydro Engineering Bereau 8 Co., Ltd.;Power China Beijing Engineering Coproration Limited;

    The Qingyuan Pumped Storage Power Station is equipped with a tail water emergency gate in the tailrace tunnel. The emergency gate slot is a square steel lining structure, and the lining plate material is stainless steel composite plate(Q355B+06Cr19Ni10), with a thickness of 30 mm. The base layer thickness is 26 mm, and the stainless steel composite layer thickness is 4 mm. The outer structure of the lining plate is made of ordinary low alloy steel and carbon steel materials. The upstream and downstream of the gate slot are square interfaces, connected to the steel lining of the draft tube by welding, and the rest are closed structures. The operation mode of the tail water emergency gate is dynamic closing and static opening. The water retaining head of the gate is 128 m, and the water closing head of the dynamic water is 114 m. Based on the structural characteristics of the gate slot, a welding process plan has been developed, and the design of the composite plate welding joint for the gate slot has been improved. An improved welding process has been proposed for the elevation weld seam of the gate slot. The quality of the connecting weld seam of the gate slot lining plate meets the Class I weld seam requirements specified in the design, and the welding quality is good.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2285K]

  • Selection analysis of 500 kV GIS voltage transformer

    WANG Jianming;ZHANG Mei;JIN Huan;SUN Zan;YANG Chunshu;GAO Xu;WANG Zichuan;PowerChina Beijing Engineering Coproration Limited;Patent Examination Cooperation(Beijing) Center of the Patent Office of CNIPA;

    This article analyzes the mechanism of ferromagnetic resonance in 500 kV GIS electromagnetic voltage transformers, the conditions required for resonance to occur, the determination method of resonance type, and the main countermeasures. Based on the excitation characteristics of traditional 500 kV GIS electromagnetic voltage transformers and the excitation characteristics of 500 kV GIS low magnetic density voltage transformers at Qingyuan Pumped Storage Power Station, as well as the circuit characteristics of voltage transformers and their connecting short busbars, high-voltage cables, and overhead lines under various operating conditions such as power station testing, commissioning, and maintenance, the equivalent capacitive reactance of independent systems and the excitation reactance of electromagnetic voltage transformers under typical operating conditions were calculated. Based on the PETERSON curve, the possibility of resonance generated by traditional transformers was analyzed, and the types of ferromagnetic resonance were quantitatively calculated and analyzed. During the contract execution phase, a study was conducted with the equipment manufacturer on the low magnetic density voltage transformer. The calculation result showed that the low magnetic density voltage transformer has outstanding anti saturation ability and will not experience ferromagnetic resonance under all predictable operating conditions.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2214K]

  • Research on neutral point grounding mode of power systemin Qingyuan Pumped Storage Power Station

    WANG Zichuan;WANG Jianming;JIN Huan;QIU Zhen;TIAN Kan;GAO Xu;PowerChina Beijing Engineering Coproration Limited;State Grid Xinyuan Group Co., Ltd.;

    The 10kV plant power system of pumped-storage power station in China has been operating with neutral point ungrounded for a long time. With the continuous increase of the capacity of plant power equipment, the cabling rate continues to rise. After single-phase grounding fault occurs, the arc often fails to self-quench due to the fault capacitor current being too large, and the single-phase grounding fault is often upgraded to an inter-phase short circuit accident. This paper studies the principle of three main grounding method: neutral ungrounded, neutral grounding through arc suppression coil and neutral grounding through little resistance, analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each grounding method, and studies the neutral grounding method which is most suitable for the operation of the power station in combination with the design principle of power consumption in Qingyuan Pumped Storage Power Station and the actual parameters of each equipment.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2166K]

  • Analysis on the climatic characteristics and change trend of rainstorm in Kunming in recent 70 years

    ZHANG Xiaotan;LIU Zhitian;WU Shaofei;WANG Yu;YANG Caojing;LI Hanqing;Power China Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited;Hunan Water Resources and Hydropower Survey, Design, Planning and Research Co., Ltd.;Nanchang Institute of Technology;

    In order to more scientifically identify the characteristics and evolution rules of urban rainstorm under changing environment, and enhance the prevention and decision-making ability of urban response against flood disasters, daily precipitation data of Kunming National Reference Meteorological Station in 72 years(1951—2022) were used to study the evolution characteristics of rainstorm duration in Kunming during recent 70 years. Mann-Kendall test was used to analyze the variation trend and significance degree of precipitation, rainstorm amount, rainstorm days, rainstorm intensity in Kunming. At the same time, a variety of mathematical statistics method were used to verify the research conclusion. The result showed that in the past 70 years, the precipitation in Kunming had slightly decreased, the rainstorm volume had increased, the rainstorm days had increased, and the rainstorm intensity had increased. Light, moderate and heavy rain decreased, while rainstorm gradually increased. It was predicted that rainstorm would continue to increase and strengthen with the growth rate of 8.28 mm per decade in the future.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4542K]

  • Analysis of down-regulation of multi-time scale inflow runoff encountering wet and dry conditions in the wet supply reservoir of Menghai Irrigation District

    DAO Haiya;TIAN Yu;A Zhangsong;JIANG Rucheng;SUN Zhicai;Yunnan Water Resources and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute;Yunnan Water Resources and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd.;

    Copula function is used to model, and five kinds of edge functions commonly used in hydrology are used to fit the edge distribution of the inflow runoff of three important reservoirs in Menghai Irrigation area at different time scales. The Copula function is used to construct the optimal edge distribution of the three reservoirs at different time scales. The optimal Copula function is used to solve the probability of the inflow runoff of the two reservoirs at different time scales. Finally, the runoff calculated by the minimum monthly average flow method is evaluated by the Tennant method and used as the standard for reservoir water transfer in the irrigation area. It is mainly concluded that the best Copula function of the three reservoirs at the same time scale is Clayton Copula function. Under the same time scale, the probability of abundance and dryness synchronization is greater than the probability of abundance and dryness asynchronous in the combination of abundance and dryness encounter probability of three reservoirs. In all the probability combinations of wet and dry encounters, the probability of the three reservoirs being dry in all time scales is the largest, indicating that the three reservoirs in the irrigation area are the most likely to be dry years in the combination of wet and dry encounters. The runoff of the three reservoirs calculated by the minimum monthly average flow method in the non-flood season and the flood season basically meets the ecological needs in the Tennant method evaluation criteria, and the result can be used as the standard for reservoir water transfer in irrigation areas. Under this standard, Manman Reservoir can't supply a large amount of water to the irrigation area in December of last year and January of 2010, and can only supply water to the irrigation area through Mangui and Nadameng Reservoirs. In the non-flood season of 2011, the three reservoirs can be dispatched to the irrigation area. In July and August of the flood season in 2010 and 2011, the three reservoirs were all wet and abundant, and a large amount of water supply could be dispatched to the irrigation area. Except for July and August in 2010 and 2011, the three reservoirs are all dry encounters. Under the condition of satisfying the river ecosystem of the inflow river, the three reservoirs can properly regulate the water supply in the irrigation area. The research result can provide reference for water diversion of water supply reservoirs in Menghai Irrigation area.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4180K]

  • Spatial-temporal characteristics analysis method of basin water cycle change based on numerical simulation

    YANG Shuyu;Shanghai Chengtou Group Corporation;Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University;

    The basin water security is related to food security, people's health, and social stability. To explore the historical evolution law of basin water cycle under the background of global warming and socio-economic development, a set of spatial-temporal characteristic analysis method for basin water cycle changes based on numerical simulation is established, which is of great significance for formulating relevant policies to adapt to and mitigate future possible water disasters. Taking the Chao Phraya River Basin in Thailand as an example, a high-resolution distributed hydrological model GBHM is constructed by comprehensively applying measured meteorological, hydrological and underlying surface data. The hydrological process of the Chao Phraya River Basin from 1985 to 2014 is numerically simulated, the spatial-temporal evolution law of water cycle elements and vegetation is analyzed, and the “double peak” characteristic of annual rainfall distribution is clarified based on the EOF method. The result show that the spatial distribution of precipitation in the Chao Phraya River Basin is uneven, concentrated in the northeast and southeast regions; over the past 30 years, the average annual rainfall in the whole basin and the four sub-basins of the upper reaches, including the Bang River, Wang River, Yong River and Nan River, has shown a significant upward trend, with the increase rates being 1.25 mm/a, 1.06 mm/a, 1.50 mm/a, 2.61 mm/a and 0.65 mm/a respectively; the annual precipitation distribution in the basin shows a double-peak pattern, of which the first peak appearing from March to May is mainly affected by the South Asian monsoon, and the second peak appearing from July to September is mainly affected by the Northwest Pacific monsoon and tropical cyclones; over the past 30 years, the annual runoff of the Chao Phraya River Basin and the four sub-basins in the upper reaches has shown a significant upward trend, with the increase rates being 284 million m~3/a, 62 million m~3/a, 29 million m~3/a, 78 million m~3/a and 104 million m~3/a respectively. The result indicate that the South Asian monsoon dominates the early rainfall peak in the basin, while the Northwest Pacific monsoon and tropical cyclones dominate the late rainfall peak; the significant enhancement of the South Asian monsoon and tropical cyclones during the rainy season causes an increase in heavy rain, which in turn leads to intensified floods. Through the analysis of the spatial-temporal characteristic changes of various elements in the basin water cycle process, the unique role of the numerical simulation-based spatial-temporal characteristic analysis method in the analysis of basin water cycle elements is fully demonstrated, which can provide analytical tools and useful references for the formulation of basin water security policies.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 7762K]

  • Evaluation of drought utility of IMERG and SM2RAIN satellite precipitation estimates in Ziya River Basin

    ZHANG Yuefen;HAO Yimin;TIAN Jiyang;LIU Ronghua;TIAN Menghan;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;Research Center on Flood & Drought Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources;Yajiang Clean Energy Development Corporation Limited,Beijing;

    Drought is a complicated extreme climate phenomenon, which has caused serious losses to agricultural production, economic development, water resources management and ecological environment in various countries and regions. The Ziya River Basin has been seriously affected by climate change and human activities for a long time, and the frequency and scope of drought events in the basin have shown an increasing trend in recent years. At present, satellite-based precipitation quantitative estimation shows great potential in drought monitoring, and in-depth research on the meteorological drought identification ability of different types of satellite products in the basin has important scientific significance for future drought warning, water resource allocation and agricultural production in the Ziya River Basin. The spatio-temporal accuracy, error and accuracy of monthly rainfall data of IMERG-F and SM2RAIN-ASCAT in Ziya River Basin were systematically evaluated based on three meteorological drought indices(SPI, SPEI and CI). Drought monitoring ability and drought event identification ability of satellite precipitation products on multiple time scales and spatial scales were evaluated comprehensively. The difference of drought grade spatial distribution and spatial efficiency index among satellite precipitation products was compared with typical drought events. The result show that: IMERG-F showed good performance in drought index estimation and drought event identification(R~2>0.821, RMSE<0.448, POD>0.814, FAR<0.187). The drought effectiveness of SM2RAIN-ASCAT was poor(R~2>0.081, RMSE<1.2, POD>0.442, FAR<0.571). IMERG-F and GAUGE show similar spatial drought patterns(0.507<SPAEF<0.732), which can better reflect the meteorological drought center and drought influence range at regional scale. All satellite products have higher accuracy in estimating SPEI compared to SPI and CI.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4587K]

  • Research on drought assessment model based on three dimensional characteristic variables of “drought intensity-duration-loss”

    LI Xiangyu;LEI Tianjie;LIN Zhitao;JI Junhong;SUN Hui;WU Qinghua;WANG Jiabao;CHEN Dongpan;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Beijing Shuguang Technology Co., Ltd.;Beijing Jingneng Construction Group Co., Ltd.;Beijing City Construction Far East Construction Investment Group Co., Ltd.;

    In order to study the quantitative relationship between drought loss of affected population and drought intensity and duration in Inner Mongolia. Based on the survey data and the Comprehensive Drought Index(CDI), the sample data of the affected population was obtained in Inner Mongolia. Based on the characteristic factors of drought intensity and duration, the correlation between the affected population and drought intensity and duration was analyzed, and the drought evaluation method and 3D model based on the 3D characteristic variables of drought intensity-duration-loss were constructed. The result showed that the affected population was determined by drought intensity, duration and other characteristic factors. The affected population was significantly correlated with drought intensity and duration, drought intensity and duration also have significant interaction. And the response relationship between the affected population and drought intensity and duration tended to be nonlinear.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2866K]

  • Research on drought risk in Xiong’an New Area under climate change

    XU Xiaoting;HOU Rui;LYU Sike;Nanjing Water Science Institute Ruidi Technology Group Co., Ltd.;Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute;College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University;

    The Xiong'an New Area is located in the central part of the North China Plain, which is characterized as one of the regions in China with relatively scarce water resources. The evolution of its drought characteristics is deemed significant for the economic and social development of the Xiong'an New Area and effective water resource management. Long-term meteorological monitoring data from 31 weather stations from 1975 to 2018 and CanESM2 climate model data were utilized to calculate the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI) across various time scales. Additionally, different types of Copula functions were employed to construct a two-dimensional joint probability distribution model based on the characterization of drought features. The aim was to analyze the drought evolution patterns and risk status in the secondary water resource zone where the Xiong'an New Area is located under the influence of climate change. At both monthly and seasonal scales, a spatial redistribution of the frequencies of mild, moderate, and severe droughts has been observed in the secondary water resource zone, although the overall changes remain minimal. In contrast, a significant increase in the frequency of extreme drought events has been recorded. On the annual scale, while a decrease in the frequency of moderate droughts has been noted, significant increases in the frequencies of mild, severe, and extreme droughts have been observed, along with notable shifts in their spatial distribution characteristics. The Clayton Copula function was found to provide the best fit for drought duration and intensity in the region. The univariate return periods for these variables are situated between the joint return period and the co-occurrence return period; as the return period extends to 100 years, a drought duration of 6.9 months and a drought intensity value of 7.4 have been reached, while the co-occurrence return period exceeds 200 years. The results indicate that a marked clustering of mild, severe, and extreme drought events is expected to occur in the Xiong'an New Area and its surrounding regions. This suggests an increased potential risk to the water resource carrying capacity in the future, while the probability of prolonged high-intensity drought events remains relatively low.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2589K]

  • Research on dynamic calibration technology of watershed hydrological model based on SPOTPY package

    HU Youbing;MA Yanan;WANG Kai;XU Jian;CHEN Xuwei;DU Hongjie;Hydrology Bureau (Information Center) of Huaihe River Commission;Key Laboratory of Hydrological Monitoring and Forecasting of Huaihe River Commission;Anhui Huaihe Water Resources Technology Co., Ltd.;

    The construction of digital twin watersheds is the most distinctive feature of smart water conservancy. The model platform provides algorithmic support for the construction of digital twin watersheds, and the efficient model instantiation is a critical technical bottleneck that urgently needs to be addressed in the practical application. Focusing on the demand for dynamic online calibration during model instantiation, it introduce the SPOTPY toolkit and select the widely used Xin'anjiang model in China as the case study. In accordance with the generalized model construction specifications set by the Ministry of Water Resources and the Huai River Commission, the example module provided by the toolkit was modified based on the SCEUA optimization algorithm. Model parameters, optimization method parameters, objective functions, rainfall datum, etc., were transformed into method input variables. Additionally, technologies were utilized such as FastAPI and Docker for microservice construction and containerization to build a dynamic calibration microservice instance for watershed hydrological models. The practical application of this technology in the construction of the digital twin Huai River model platform demonstrates that this method is efficient, mature, and reliable, providing important technical references for the implementation of online dynamic calibration of model instantiation.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2273K]

  • Application of AHP based on fuzzy optimization theory to initial water rights allocation in watershed

    LI Junling;ZHOU Zaien;MO Yuntao;WAN Zhongyu;Changjiang Water Resources and Hydropower Development Group (Hubei) Co., Ltd.;Hainan Water Affairs Department;

    The initial allocation of water rights is the premise and basis for promoting the reform of water rights. At present, the ownership of water rights is not clear, and the rights and obligations are not clear, which makes it difficult to cultivate the water market and carry out the water rights trading effectively. Based on the AHP method of fuzzy optimization theory, an improved water rights allocation model is proposed. By integrating multiple factors and using advanced decision analysis tools, it provides a more accurate, fair and efficient water resources allocation solution, improves the scientific nature and adaptability of water rights allocation, and better meets the complex needs of modern society for resource management. Taking Ding'an River basin as an example, the model is applied to explore a new way of initial water rights allocation scheme, which has certain exploration value for realizing efficient and optimal allocation of water resources in the basin.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1813K]

  • The application of Arcmap and HEC-RAS in optimizing the operation of Nanhaizi flood detention basin

    WANG Pan;XU Dan;WU Zimeng;YANG Li;LI Baoyuan;ZHAO Zhenya;ZHANG Chao;Beijing Institute of Water;Guangming District Water Bureau of Shenzhen;Beijing Water Affairs Construction Management Center;

    Nanhaizi flood detention basin is an important component of North Canal basin flood control system. To provide support for its optimal operation, the current storage capacity of Nanhaizi flood detention basin was analyzed firstly based on Arcmap, and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was established based on HEC-RAS. The results showed that the current storage capacity of Nanhaizi flood detention basin was 2 300 000 m~3, which was 300 000 m~3 less than the planned storage capacity of 2 600 000 m~3 in 50 years. Taking the elk park as a part of the flood detention basin can solve this problem optimally, and it was determined that the new regulating gate was opened when the water surface elevation of the lake reaches 29.75 m, while closed when the water surface elevation of the elk park reaches 29.75 m. In order to ensure the stability of the project, the width of the new connecting channel and regulating gate was determined to be 5 m according to the simulation result. Compared with the curve of water surface elevation to storage, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model based on HEC-RAS can consider the flow direction and head loss of the water and simulate the actual flow better according to the result.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2216K]

  • Flood forecasting for small and medium-sized rivers in ungauged basins

    LIAN Di;WANG Jingjing;WANG Ning;Guangzhou Hydrology Branch,Hydrological Bureau of Guangdong Province;Hydrological Bureau of Guangdong Province;Qingyuan Hydrology Branch,Hydrological Bureau of Guangdong Province;

    The study of flood simulation and forecasting for small and medium-sized rivers with insufficient data is a key and difficult problem in hydrological forecasting research. Paitan River Basin in Guangzhou was taken as the target basin, and the synthetic unit hydrograph method and the hydrological similarity parameter transplantation method were applied for hydrological simulation and forecasting research. In the hydrological similarity parameter transplantation method, the Xifu River Basin is used as the reference basin. Based on the terrain index frequency analysis result of the Xifu River and Paitan River basins, it is considered that the two basins have hydrological similarity. The Xinanjiang model parameters of the reference basin are directly transplanted to the target basin for typical flood simulation and forecasting. The flood simulation result of the above two method in the target basin are compared and analyzed with the measured flood data. The result show that the parameter transplantation method based on the Xinanjiang model requires more hydrological and geographical data from the reference basin and the target basin, and has higher overall forecasting accuracy than the synthetic unit hydrograph method. The synthetic unit hydrograph method requires less hydrological and geographical data and has lower overall accuracy, but as the flood magnitude increases, the forecasting accuracy will significantly improve. Based on the applicability conditions and application effects of the above two method, a flood forecasting method for small and medium-sized rivers with insufficient data is proposed.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4111K]

  • Analysis and monitoring of deformation of ultra-high arch dams

    WANG Yongqing;YANG Anyu;River and Lake Management Center of Shangrao City;National Research Institute for Rural Electrification of MWR;Engineering Technology Research Center for Rural Hydropower;

    The engineering technology and construction challenges of the 305-meter-level ultra-large hydropower station are beyond imagination, with many technical indicators surpassing current regulatory requirements. Mastering the deformation laws and formulating deformation monitoring indicators are extremely complex task. Firstly, the significant deformation characteristics of the active dam body are analyzed and summarized from multiple perspectives based on 1∶1 prototype test parameters, providing feedback on the actual service performance of the dam body and exploring external influencing factors and laws. Secondly, by integrating load sets and load effect sets, various influencing factors are comprehensively determined through deterministic functions and physical inference method. Based on measured data, the coefficients of each factor in the model are determined, allowing the calculation of the load effect set for a certain set of load sets. Subsequently, a deformation monitoring statistical model for super high arch dams is established to determine the working status of buildings and monitor them. Through deformation prediction analysis of typical measurement points, the result are compared and analyzed with other method, leading to the derivation of deformation monitoring indicators and optimal formulation method for super high arch dams. Thirdly, a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the dam body is established, and an incremental step difference algorithm is proposed, considering the self-weight of the dam body and external water load, which accurately simulated the actual deformation behavior of the arch dam. The research result provide a strong reference for the exploration and analysis of similar projects in the future.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1945K]

  • Experimental study on the shape of the aeration facility in the 1# spillway tunnel of a certain hydro-junction

    GAO Jianbiao;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;

    The operating head of the 1~# spillway tunnel is as high as 83 m, with a maximum average flow velocity of over 35 m/s. Adopting a single slope with a bottom slope gradient of 0.81%. Three aerating facilities are designed with a combination of ridges and grooves. In order to verify the rationality of the design scheme of the aeration facility. Optimization research was conducted on the shape of the aeration facility through normal hydraulic model test with a scale of 1∶40. The result show that there is a significant negative pressure on the side wall of the diffusion section, with a negative pressure value of-86.6 kPa, and cavitation water flow is prone to occur at high speed water flow. The aeration facility has severe backflow in the cavity, intermittent blockage of the ventilation holes, small ventilation well area, and a maximum air-water flow ratio of 1.8%. The ratio of the 3~# aeration facility is only 0.6%. After experimental research, it is proposed to cancel the diffusion section, move the 1~# aeration facility forward and adjust its shape to a differential sudden expansion and drop form, and adjust the 2~# and 3~# aeration facilities to a differential form, and a steeper downstream bottom slope. The result show that the optimized body shape can meet the requirements of aeration, with an air-water flow ratio of over 4.2% at the flood control water level and over 7.0% above the normal high water level. The aeration effect is good, and it has important reference value for solving the aeration design of small bottom slopes in tunnels.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2617K]

  • Study on dam type comparison and dam foundation treatment scheme of Beikeng Reservoir Dam

    DING Gang;ZOU Debing;FU Xing'an;CHENG Zigang;WANG Sixiang;The Yangtze River Survey Planning and Design Research Co., Ltd.;Yangtze River Geotechnical Engineering Corporation (Wuhan);

    The dam site of Beikeng Reservoir is asymmetric wide valley terrain, the lithology is tuff, the rock is hard, and the overburden on the left bank is relatively deep. Compared with the gravity dam, the local material dam has strong adaptability to topographic and geological conditions, better material source conditions and less investment. Considering that the construction period of the weathered material core wall rockfill dam is long, and it has certain interference with the adjacent spillway, the recommended dam type is the face rockfill dam. Aiming at the problem of deep overburden layer of dam foundation, considering the scheme of ‘retaining part of the overburden layer + vibroflotation gravel pile', the risk of deformation and cracking of the dam panel is relatively large, the construction is difficult, the construction period is long, and the project investment is large. Therefore, the dam foundation adopts the treatment scheme of ‘all excavation of the overburden layer'.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2035K]

  • Study on local failure seepage characteristics of anti-seepage face of asphalt concrete faced rockfill dam

    XIONG Shen;HUA Qianyu;GAO Donghong;LIN Henxing;Shanghai Investigation, Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.;

    When the local cracks appear in the anti-seepage face of asphalt concrete face rockfill dam, it will have a great impact on the safety of the dam. In order to understand the influence of local failure of asphalt concrete panel on the seepage of dam body, the asphalt concrete panel rockfill dam in the upper reservoir of a pumping and storage power station in Gansu province were taken as the example, and establishes a three-dimensional finite element model to calculate the seepage field of the dam body when the panel fails locally, and analyzes the influence of local cracks in different parts of the panel and different crack sizes on the seepage field. The result show that the influence of local failure cracks on the seepage field of the dam is mainly concentrated in the vicinity of the cracks. With the increasing of the crack width, the flow through the dam foundation rock mass increases successively, and the seepage slope of the dam foundation rock mass decreases, and the seepage slope of the dam foundation rock mass is basically unchanged. The saturation zone is formed in the small area inside the cushion around the crack of the panel, and the influence of the local failure of the panel on the seepage field does not exceed the cushion zone. The saturation zone and the infiltration flow under the crack are large, so it is extremely important to ensure the gradation and impermeability of the cushion material. At the same time, it is found that the influence of local failure on the seepage field of asphalt concrete panel is related to the failure location and crack width, and the failure location has greater influence on the seepage field than the failure seam width. The result can provide reference for similar engineering design and construction.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2363K]

  • The study on settlement prediction model of earth-rock dams based on EMD-LSTM

    LI Zongqi;YAO Chengli;ZHAO Wenbo;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;

    In response to the challenges faced by settlement prediction models for earth-rock dams, such as the susceptibility of regression models to multicollinearity, and issues like overfitting, local minima traps, and difficulty in determining hyperparameters in neural network models, an optimized model was proposed based on Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) neural networks. Firstly, EMD is employed to perform multi-scale decomposition of time series data from Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) measurement points, extracting trend and periodic components. Then, Principal Component Analysis(PCA) is utilized to select key influencing factors, reducing data dimensionality and enhancing the generalization capability of the model. Finally, an LSTM is used to construct the time series model, and the Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA) is applied to optimize the hyperparameters of the LSTM, improving the model′s prediction accuracy and convergence speed. The experimental result show that this model offers significant advantages in the settlement prediction of earth-rock dams, with a Mean Squared Error(MSE) of 7.070 1, a Mean Absolute Error(MAE) of 1.885 9, and a coefficient of determination(R~2) of 99.83%. Compared to traditional method, this model demonstrates notable improvements in noise reduction, feature capture, and hyperparameter optimization, providing an accurate and reliable solution for settlement prediction in earth-rock dams.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3814K]

  • Inversion of thermodynamic parameters and optimization of temperature control measures for concrete dams in high altitude areas

    YANG Ying;ZENG Qianli;ZHENG Lei;ZHANG Lei;Huadian Yunnan Power Generation Co., Ltd.;Huadian Jinsha River Upstream Hydropower Development Co., Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Watershed Water Cycle Simulation and Regulation, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;

    The meteorological environment in the high cold and high altitude area is complicated, and there are great differences between the design conditions and the actual conditions, which may increase the cracking risk of concrete under certain conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct inverse analysis of the thermodynamic parameters and temperature field during the construction period, and optimize the temperature control measures to ensure the construction safety and quality. The whole process simulation analysis method of the dam and the measured temperature data during the construction period are used to comprehensively compare and analyze the differences between the indoor thermal and mechanical parameters and the actual parameters on site. By using the inversion temperature parameters and the actual pouring progress, the temperature control measures of the steep slope dam section are optimized by simulation analysis. The inversion analysis showed that the calculated value was in agreement with the measured value after the adiabatic temperature appreciation was adjusted to 27.5 ℃. When the final value of adiabatic temperature rise of secondary normal concrete is 35 ℃, the calculated value is the closest to the inverse analysis value. The comparison between design adiabatic temperature rise and inversion analysis shows that the early temperature of inversion is higher than the design value, but the final value is lower than the design value. The simulation result show that the maximum stress along river is 1.50 MPa and the safety factor is 1.64. The stress and safety factor in other areas are within the reasonable range, but the safety reserve of foundation strong confinement area and normal concrete bedding is slightly lower. On the basis of accurate inversion of thermodynamic parameters, combined with the result of simulation analysis, it is found that the temperature control measures of the foundation strongly confined area and the normal concrete bedding need to be further optimized, especially the maximum temperature should be further strictly controlled and the surface protection should be strengthened. The inversion of parameters and the feedback method of temperature stress field used in this paper can reflect the actual construction situation more accurately, and provide more reliable technical support for the optimization of construction standards and measures of mass concrete.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3133K]

  • Research on nonlinear damage and failure mechanism of reinforced concrete sluice under earthquake action

    SONG Li;GUO Bowen;FAN Bing;LIU Zhi;SUN Shuailong;Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,YRCC;Research Center on Levee Safety and Disaster Prevention,MWR;Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Water Sciences;Hohai University;

    A nonlinear seismic damage analysis method for the sluice foundation water system had been established to address the shortcomings in the seismic analysis of reinforced concrete sluice structures. Taking a flood control gate project in a certain VIII degree area as an example, the dynamic response, damage range and degree of the water gate structure under earthquake action were studied. Based on the calculation result, the nonlinear earthquake damage and failure mechanism of the water gate foundation water system was revealed. The result showed that:(1) The method considered factors such as wireless foundation radiation damping effect, concrete dynamic damage, reinforced concrete bonding and sliding effect, and fluid solid coupling effect between water body and water gate structure, which could accurately reflect the stress state of reinforced concrete sluice under earthquake action. The accuracy of the established method was verified by comparing the calculation result with other method;(2) Under earthquake action, concrete damage occurred at the connection between the bent column and the gate pier, and the damage area basically covered the cross-section of the bent column, with the maximum damage value reaching 0.659. The concrete was basically in a state of damage and failure;(3) As the duration of the earthquake increased, concrete damage began to appear at the corner of the bent column, and the damage value and area continued to increase. When the damage area run through the entire cross-section of the bent column, it could be considered that the chamber structure had been undergone seismic damage.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3919K]

  • Research on temperature control of special-shaped and high strength mass concrete in construction

    QIAN Pingping;CHEN Xudong;School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Pujiang Institute;College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University;

    Based on the construction of V-shaped rigid pier of cross-railway viaduct, the temperature control measures of high-strength special-shaped mass concrete were studied. The finite element models of the pier and the two sections of the inclined leg were established respectively. The characteristics of the temperature peak with age and the internal temperature field under different cooling measures were analyzed. The result of temperature monitoring and simulation were compared. The result show that the key parameters of temperature control are different in different sections. The peak temperature of the pier is the maximum temperature difference between the surface and the inside of the inclined leg, which is the peak temperature for pier and the maximum temperature difference between surface and inside for inclined leg. The crack resistance of high strength mass concrete is improved, the peak temperature and the maximum temperature difference between the surface and the inside are increased by 5 ℃ compared with the existing specifications, and the temperature difference between the surface and the atmosphere can be increased by 10 ℃.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3973K]

  • The reason analysis and treatment measures of the big difference between design and construction of curtain grouting per consumption

    LYU Xiaodong;YANG Zhaofeng;XIE An;LI Xijun;Yunnan institute of Water & Hydropower Engineering Investigation, Design Co., Ltd.;Yunnan Xiu Chan Water & Hydropower Engineering Investigate design Co., Ltd.;Yunnan Institute of Water & Hydropower Engineering Investigation,Design and Research;

    There is a significant discrepancy between the actual and designed unit consumption in curtain grouting construction for water conservancy and hydropower projects, with an observable trend of increasing consumption. The causes of this increase are multifaceted, complex, and variable, primarily influenced by grouting materials, human factors, grouting pressure, and the lithology of the formation being irrigated. However, effective measures can be implemented to control this issue. Over the years, during the revision process of relevant specifications, emphasis has been placed on addressing this concern. Each revision has progressively refined parameters affecting unit consumption, aligning them more closely with actual engineering practices and enhancing operability and implementation. The factors contributing to the significant difference in unit consumption are influencing its increase in curtain grouting. By employing effective control measures and treatment strategies, the designed unit consumption can be made consistent with the actual construction unit consumption, thereby preventing design changes due to increased material costs. The research findings provide valuable reference for similar projects encountering comparable situations.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1786K]

  • Experimental study on consolidation grouting of the stilling pool on the foundation of Xinji Reservoir

    QU Gangxiu;JIANG Weilin;NIE Ding;The Second Engineering Company of Gansu Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Bureau Co.,Ltd.;Hohai College, Chongqing Jiaotong University;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;

    In order to ensure the progress of dam pouring and the quality of dam foundation consolidation grouting, it is necessary to conduct dam foundation consolidation grouting test. According to the geological conditions of the test area, the consolidation grouting test scheme is established, and the wave velocity, lifting deformation and water permeability of the rock mass before and after grouting are analyzed and discussed. The average wave velocity of rock mass after grouting is 7.5% higher than that before grouting. In the experiment, no lifting signs of concrete deformation were found in each hole section. The average water permeability before and after irrigation was 31.92 Lu and 12.96 Lu, respectively, and the water permeability decreased significantly after irrigation. These result show that the consolidation grouting has a good effect.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2512K]

  • Study on ventilation and heating forms of underground cavern and energy saving measures under extremely cold conditions

    LIU Guochao;China Anneng Group First Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd.;

    A large underground cavern project is located in a severely cold area, with a winter period of 208 days, an average temperature of-19.7 ℃, and a minimum temperature of-45.4 ℃. The distribution of this cavern is complex and intricate, with a long construction period for the main cavern and multiple intersections of construction tunnels and water curtain tunnels. With the progress of construction, the connection mode, ventilation channels, ventilation distance, and ventilation circuit between tunnels are constantly changing. In response to the difficulties encountered during the construction process mentioned above, we adopted the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) theoretical model to simulate the airflow and temperature fields of the water sealed cavern during different construction periods. We corrected the simulation result through on-site data collection, striving to guide the construction through computational simulation. We have utilized the result of computational simulation to optimize and adjust the ventilation and heating layout during winter construction, ensuring that the ambient temperature inside the tunnel remains above 5 ℃ under extreme cold conditions. At the same time, we have fully utilized the residual heat of the gas discharged from the tunnel to solve the problem of road icing in the traffic tunnel, providing a good guarantee for the advancement of engineering construction.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4174K]

  • The control technology of ultra-shallow buried large-diameter shield under-pass existing municipal tunnel at close distance

    WEN Xiaohu;GAO Tianzeng;WU Bin;WU Fei;YANG Jianfeng;Guangzhou Metro Group Co., Ltd.;China Communications Construction Company Limited;CCCC Tunnel Engineering Co., Ltd.;

    Taking the left line of the section from Yunxi Park Station to Xiaojinzhong Station on Guangzhou Metro Line 12 as an example, the impact of large-diameter shield under-passing on the settlement and deformation of the existing municipal tunnel under complex geological conditions of upper soft and lower hard layers was investigated. By adopting protection measures and technical solutions at different stages, guidance was provided for the design and construction of the large-diameter shield under-passing. Based on the theoretical analysis, through the comparison and demonstration of the protection design scheme of Jinyuan Road Tunnel, the scheme of setting concrete box culvert at the deformation joint is finally determined. Based on the theoretical analysis, through the comparison and demonstration of the protection design scheme of Jinyuan Road Tunnel, the project adopted the scheme of setting concrete box culverts at the deformation joint. During the process of under-passing, measures such as excavation control, radial hole grouting, deep borehole grouting behind the segment, and increased monitoring frequency were taken, effectively solving the technical difficulties of settlement deformation control and providing reference for similar projects.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3283K]

  • Based on AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of cement mixing pile quality evaluation and application

    YE Yaping;WEI Yilong;QIU Youqiang;LIU Junyong;ZHANG Chao;YIN Lihua;Zhongshan Urban Construction Group Co., Ltd.;National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment, CCCC First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd.;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University;

    Cement mixing piles are widely used in many soft soil areas in China to treat weak foundations. However, in view of its hidden engineering characteristics, how to evaluate its post-construction quality in a timely and effective manner is still a lack of scientific and effective method. Taking a soft foundation mixing pile treatment project in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province as an example, it is based on the intelligent monitoring system combined with the field tests. It uses the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the quality of cement mixing piles. Firstly, the evaluation index and membership function of the quality of the mixing pile are determined, and then the weight of the corresponding evaluation index is calculated by the analytic hierarchy process. Secondly, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the quality of the cement mixing pile. Finally, the evaluation result are compared with the engineering practice. The result show that the error between the monitored pile length and the actual pile length is less than 2%. The goodness of fit between the ash content of the monitoring section and the strength of the pile body is high, and the goodness of fit between the average speed of the drill pipe and the integrity of the pile body is also high. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation result of pile quality are in good agreement with the core sample characteristics of the core sample. The result show that the application of this evaluation index system combined with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method can well reflect the result of the quality inspection of cement mixing piles in practical engineering, and verify the feasibility of this method for the rapid evaluation of the quality of cement mixing piles. It provides a reference for improving the content of the construction stage of cement mixing piles and improving the construction quality.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2550K]

  • Construction and application of digital system for tunnel construction based on 3D laser scanning

    LI Xiangqian;LIN Ende;FANG Kuanda;CHEN Jilin;YU Qi;SHANG Chao;China Three Gorges Corporation Science and Technology Research Institute;China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corporation;

    The construction of pumped storage projects involves the construction of underground caverns such as underground powerhouses and diversion tunnels, with tight construction schedules and high quality requirements. In order to improve the digital level of tunnel engineering construction, increase construction efficiency, and ensure project quality, a digital system for tunnel construction based on microservice architecture has been constructed, and lightweight and visualization of large-scale 3D point cloud data for tunnel construction have been achieved based on Cesium. The system utilizes point cloud data collected by 3D laser scanners during tunnel excavation, support, and lining stages, combined with tunnel design parameters, to achieve statistical analysis of quality factors such as tunnel over and under excavation, support deviation, shotcrete and lining thickness and flatness. Based on 3D point cloud data, the system monitors the progress of tunnel engineering, analyzes construction intensity, measures the quantities of tunnel excavation and support, and conducts 3D visualization queries on tunnel deformation. The system can automatically generate tunnel construction quality analysis reports based on analysis result and meet the requirements of engineering management for inspection and evaluation forms and visas. The system has been applied in the access tunnel of a pumped storage power station project, providing effective support for the construction management of the project.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3893K]

  • Optimization of ventilation scheme for underground caverns construction based on parametric modeling

    ZHAO Yulong;ZHAO Qing;CAO Wenyu;ZHAO Yibo;ZHAI Qiufeng;National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Operation of Hydraulic Engineering, Tianjin University;Water Resources Beifang Investigation, Design and Research Co., Ltd.;Rural Water Supply Service Center of Chengwu County Water Affairs Bureau;

    The crisscross layout and parallel crossing excavation method of of underground caverns make it difficult to ventilate and disperse smoke, and the ventilation effect directly affects the construction progress and safety of the project. Taking a ground water-sealed cavern project as the research object, the OpenBuildings Designer modeling software is redeveloped by Addins method, and the BIM model of the groundwater-sealed cavern is parameterized. According to the initial conditions and boundary conditions consistent with the project, the standard turbulence model and the component transport model are used to simulate the distribution of the wind flow field and the migration of harmful gases in the cavern. The result show that the position of the cross section has a greater influence on the ventilation effect in the range of the secondary lining step distance than the distance from the outlet of the air duct to the working face. When the air duct outlet is located in the middle of the vault and 50 m away from the working face, the ventilation effect within the second lining step distance is the best, and only 9.7 min of ventilation time can meet the needs of long-term operation of construction personnel. The harmful gases in the tunnel are concentrated in the main channels such as connecting roadways and construction roadways. It is considered that jet fans can be arranged in an orderly interval in the main channel to improve its ventilation efficiency.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3198K]

  • Evaluation of stability and reinforcement effect of surrounding rock of the underground powerhouse of a hydropower station

    CHEN Xi;WU Yingzi;XIAO Shirong;CHAI Zihan;JIANG Xiaoling;GUO Fei;Research Institute of Economics and Technology, State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co., Ltd.;College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University;Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University;

    The stability of surrounding rock of underground cavern is related to the construction safety of underground engineering and the safe operation of underground buildings in the later stage. The stability of surrounding rock of an underground powerhouse in southwest China is evaluated based on the type check of surrounding rock in construction geology and the analysis of block stability. And through the comparison and analysis of the displacement monitoring data of surrounding rock during construction period and the result of FLAC~(3D) numerical simulation, the reinforcement effect of surrounding rock is evaluated. The evaluation results show that the surrounding rock of the underground powerhouse mainly consists of class Ⅱ and Ⅲ surrounding rock, accounting for 96%, and class Ⅳ only accounts for 4%. Moreover, due to timely reinforcement, large-scale block collapse of more than 10 m~3 did not occur during construction, and the surrounding rock stability is generally good. The displacement of the top arch of the surrounding rock of the underground powerhouse is millimeter, and the reinforcement effect of the top arch surrounding rock is good. The displacement of side wall is in the order of cm, and the reinforcement effect of side wall surrounding rock is preferable good. Comparatively speaking, the reinforcement effect of the top arch is better than that of the side wall. The research results can be used as reference for similar projects.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3133K]

  • Numerical simulation of the influences of different heterogeneity coefficients on the soil grouting fracturing processes

    YANG Yongning;SUN Yi;JIANG Jingdong;YU Shuyang;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University;

    Soft clay foundation is easy to produce uneven settlement, which threatens the safety of hydraulic structures. Clay consolidation grouting is an effective means to improve its mechanical properties, but the traditional finite element method and discrete element method have limitations in dealing with the splitting process of clay grouting. In order to investigate the cracking mechanism of clay grouting, a meshless numerical method was established to simulate the development process of soil grouting splitting veins, in the SPH framework, the “soil particles” and “slurry particles” are defined, and the interaction between “slurry particles” and “soil particles” under grouting pressure is deduced. A fracture marker κ, which can reflect the failure of particles, is introduced, which can simulate the progressive expansion of soil grouting splitting cracks. Considering the heterogeneous characteristics of soil, Weibull distribution function is introduced to consider the heterogeneous distribution of tensile strength, and the soil grouting splitting characteristics under different heterogeneous characteristics are numerically simulated. The result show that the improved SPH method can well simulate the development process of slurry veins during clay grouting splitting. The above implementation fully demonstrates that: When the soil heterogeneity is not considered, the extension shape of slurry veins is single and symmetrical, while when the soil heterogeneity is considered, the soil grouting fracturing shape is more complex, forming a criss-cross network of slurry veins. The soil disturbance caused by grouting is mainly concentrated in the vicinity of the grouting hole before the grouting pulse cracking, but after the grouting pulse cracking, the soil along the grouting pulse is greatly disturbed. Finally, the formation mechanism of soil grouting fracturing fracture is discussed. It is found that soil grouting fracturing bifurcation is caused by soil heterogeneous characteristics, and the application prospect of SPH in soil grouting fracturing simulation is prospected. Future research should focus on the development of 3D high-performance parallel SPH algorithm.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3737K]

  • Study on compaction effect and horizontal stress of collapsible loess foundation treated by rammed-expanded compaction pile

    ZHOU Qinbang;LI Jiandong;DUAN Wei;WANG Kai;WANG Haihong;Gansu Xutong Highway Maintenance Technology Co., Ltd.;School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University;

    In order to study the change of compaction effect and horizontal stress along the depth of collapsibility loess highway subgrade treated by rammed-expanded lime-soil compaction piles with different pile diameters and pile spacing, the compaction coefficient, horizontal stress, over-consolidation ratio, cone tip resistance and side-wall resistance around the pile were analyzed. The results show that the compaction coefficient, collapsibility coefficient, horizontal stress, consolidation degree, cone tip resistance and side-wall resistance of soil between piles can be significantly increased in the range of treatment depth, and then the bearing capacity of the foundation is mentioned. When the pile spacing increases from 1.0 m to 1.2 m and 1.5 m, the average soil compaction coefficient between piles increases by 1.37% and 4.11%, and the average collapsibility coefficient increases by 1.75 and 2.79 times, respectively. When the pile spacing is 1.0 m, 1.2 m and 1.5 m, the average horizontal stress ratio corresponding to the 400 mm pile diameter is 3.23, 2.47 and 1.92, the over-consolidation ratio is 11.58, 6.64 and 3.94, respectively, the average cone tip resistance increases by 2.54 times, 1.92 times and 1.31 times, respectively, and the side-wall resistance increases 3.07 times, 2.35 times and 1.47 times, respectively. The average horizontal stress ratio corresponding to the pile diameter of 450 mm is 3.52, 2.74 and 2.21, the over-consolidation ratio is 13.80, 8.26 and 5.27, respectively, the average cone tip resistance increases by 2.77 times, 2.03 times and 1.39 times, and the side-wall resistance increases by 3.40 times, 2.59 times and 1.66 times, respectively. The influence of pile spacing on the soil parameters above is greater than that of pile diameter. In practical engineering, it is recommended to treat collapsible loess foundation with rammed-expanded lime-soil compaction pile with pile spacing≤1.2 m.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3396K]

  • Groutability analysis and prediction model for grouting of rock mass based on SVM

    WANG Changlei;LIU Kuan;ZHANG Yang;ZHAI Qiufeng;FENG Junxiang;Henan Water Conservancy Investment Yuanwan Reservoir Co., Ltd.;National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Operation of Hydraulic Engineering & School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University;Rural Water Supply Service Center of Chengwu County Water Affairs Bureau;

    There are many factors that affect the groutability of rock mass, especially the accuracy of judging the groutability of rock mass with the empirical formula is low for the hidden rock mass fracture. Aiming at the above problems, the support vector machine method is used to establish the prediction model of rock mass groutability analysis in order to realize the fast and accurate analysis of rock mass groutability. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors and the small sample characteristics of the grouting data set, the regression prediction SVR model and classification prediction SVM model of rock mass groutability were established respectively. Further, by improving the gray Wolf optimization algorithm and enhancing the whale optimization algorithm, the penalty factor C and kernel function parameter g of the prediction model based on support vector machine are optimized. The result show that compared with other prediction models, the classification prediction accuracy of the groutability prediction model proposed in this paper is improved by about 6.5%, and it has the obvious advantage of fast convergence, which verifies the accuracy and effectiveness of the prediction model of rock mass groutability analysis based on support vector machine.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4300K]

  • Application of high-density electrical method based on time-shift idea in fine exploration of karst in reservoir areas

    ZHANG Hu;YANG Ye;WANG Dengfeng;YANG Shihua;CHEN Keyu;Chongqing Surveying and Design Institute Co., Ltd.of Water Resources,Electric Power and Architecture;

    To enhance the accuracy of high-density electrical method, an innovative data processing technique has been proposed, which is implemented through time-shift processing during a single data acquisition, simplifying the complexities of traditional method. Numerical simulation of theoretical models was combined with practical application cases to explore the effectiveness in karst detection.Results indicate that the method can effectively identify faults and low-resistivity anomalies within the resistivity variation profiles. In practical cases, inversion result show a high degree of correlation with borehole data, and the resistivity variation rate is significantly related to the permeability coefficients obtained from pumping tests. Additionally, the distribution characteristics of karst features are closely linked to the local minima in the resistivity variation profiles. This method successfully reveals the distribution of underground karst fractures in the Xiliu Creek reservoir area, providing essential scientific evidence and guidance for subsequent seepage curtain construction.It also provides a new solution for the refined exploration of karst in reservoir areas using high-density electric method.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4046K]

  • Numerical simulation analysis of surface water seepage during operation of large underground water conveyance culvert

    YUAN Honghu;HUANG Yong;MAO Ying;GONG Xiaoming;LI Hongen;Beijing Institute of Water;Beijing Yongding River Management Office;Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute;

    The surface seepage problem has attracted attention during the operation period of Urban large underground water conveyance culvert. Taking the surface seepage of a large urban underground water conveyance culvert as the background, the numerical simulation analysis of surface seepage is carried out according to the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions. Typical sections are selected to reflect the different leakage degrees of the culvert by setting different permeability coefficients of the lining, and then the influence on surface water seepage is analyzed. The result show that the more serious the leakage of the lining, the smaller the dissipation of the pore pressure of the lining, the more obvious the increase of the pore pressure of the soil at the top of the lining, and the increase of the surface pore pressure. When the permeability coefficient of the lining reaches 1 m/d, the surface water is exposed under long-term seepage. Compared with the field groundwater monitoring data, it is close to the simulation value. The research result have reference value for the design and operation of similar urban large underground water conveyance culvert.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4779K]

  • Forward simulation and engineering application of transient electromagnetic detection of soil embankment leakage disease

    ZHANG Shenghang;TANG Lei;ZHU Chunguang;SHI Lanxing;MING Pan;Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute;Nanjing Yangtze River Management Office;

    Leakage is a frequent disease in earthen dykes. Transient electromagnetic method is expected to achieve high efficiency detection in the low resistance area of deep seepage in dykes. The finite element method is used to simulate the diffusion process of the transient electromagnetic field inside the dam, reveal the response law of the transient electromagnetic measurement curve to the low resistance area of leakage, quantify the change of the magnetic induction intensity of the channel with and without leakage, and finally carry out field tests combined with practical projects. The result show that the transient electromagnetic field diffuses ellipsoid inside the dam, and the magnetic field distribution is relatively concentrated and the magnetic induction intensity increases greatly in the low-resistance area of leakage during a specific time period, which presents a local convex shape and obvious volume effect on the multi-channel map. In the process of response, the magnetic induction intensity decreases logarithmically, and the response of the leakage area in the embankment can be highlighted by using the relative deviation value. Through field test and comparison of core drilling, the transient electromagnetic method can effectively detect the low resistance zone of leakage, and the multi-channel map of relative deviation value and apparent resistivity map can directly show the distribution of low resistance zone inside the dam.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3077K]

  • Numerical simulation study on erosion of dual pile foundation of mountainous road bridge

    BAI Xiaoyu;ZHOU Dihui;WU Di;XIONG Wen;ZHANG Erhua;CCCC Highway Bridges National Engineering Research Centre Co.,Ltd.;School of Transportation, Southeast University;Sichuan Highway Planning, Survey, Design and Research Institute Ltd.;

    Aimed to investigate the erosion distribution characteristics of dual pile foundations of mountainous road bridges under sand laden flow, a three-dimensional erosion numerical model of the dual pile foundation was established using Fluent. The DPM model was employed to simulate sediment particles, and the Finnie erosion prediction formula was combined to explore the erosion distribution characteristics of the dual pile foundation under different water flow velocities, sediment particle sizes, sediment concentration, pile wall roughness and arrangement type of double piles. The result show that the velocity distribution around the piles has a significant influence on the erosion distribution of the pile foundation. The erosion of the front pile is relatively sparse, mainly distributed on both sides of the water-facing surface, while the erosion distribution of the rear pile is more concentrated due to the influence of the wake zone of the front pile. With increasing water flow velocity, the overall trend of the maximum erosion rate of the pile foundation increases, but the rate of increase decreases after reaching a certain velocity. Moreover, as the sediment particle size, sediment concentration, and pile wall roughness increase, the maximum erosion rate of the pile foundation also increases. Specifically, for sediment particle size and pile wall roughness, when increased to a certain value, the rate of increase in the maximum erosion rate of the pile foundation decreases, while for sediment concentration, when increased to a certain value, the rate of increase in the maximum erosion rate of the pile foundation accelerates. With the increase of pile center distance, the maximum erosion rate of the front and rear piles of the tandem double pile increase, and the increase decreases gradually, while the maximum erosion rate of the left and right piles of the parallel double pile increase first and then decreases.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3049K]

  • High-pressure water-rich stratum water conservancy tunnel new plugging and drainage control design and application research

    GUO Qinghua;PI Jin;LI Yu;YANG Jian;LIU Lipeng;CAO Ruilang;Guangdong GDH Water Co., Ltd.;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;China Water Pearl River Planning, Survey and Design Co., Ltd.;

    Deeply buried tunnels, even after adopting combined plugging and drainage treatment measures, still face difficulties in simultaneously meeting the dual control requirements of external water pressure and seepage flow standards. Exploring new seepage control method is of significant importance. To this end, the concept of “plugging, collecting, and draining” for seepage control is proposed, and the evolution laws of the surrounding water environment of the lining under different seepage control measures are analyzed. The research shows that grouting for water plugging plays a significant role in reducing the tunnel's seepage flow but is challenging to completely prevent leakage. After implementation, the tunnel exhibits the typical characteristics of “low flow, high water pressure”. Drainage and water collection have a noticeable pressure relief effect but cannot control the seepage flow, making the combined application of plugging, collecting, and draining the key to reducing flow and relieving pressure. When drainage measures are shallow, the pressure relief capability is poor, and when they are deep, the effectiveness of grouting for water plugging is weakened, limiting the pressure relief effect in water-rich and high-pressure strata. By setting up a collection layer, the seepage channels around the lining can be effectively dredged, which does not affect the grouting sealing and significantly improves the drainage and pressure relief effect. In cases of partial blockage of drainage holes or non-full-section drainage, the design of plugging, collecting, and draining can provide channels for local seepage and water pressure dissipation behind the lining, thus avoiding the lining bias effect. The new plugging, collecting, and draining measures can offer a new approach for the design of seepage control under high external water pressure in water-rich strata.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4047K]

  • Application of horizontal directional drilling technology in grouting and water blocking of deep buried tunnels in water conservancy and hydropower

    YANG Yue;WANG Chaoyang;LI Longbiao;LI Wei;Shaanxi Taihe Intelligent Drilling Co., Ltd.;

    When excavating deep buried tunnels in complex and fractured formations, how to quickly and effectively solve common problems such as leakage and water inrush has become the focus of ensuring tunnel safety and effective excavation. The construction of a certain water conservancy tunnel was taken as the engineering background, measures the water inflow, water inflow points and other data, combined with long-distance directional drilling technology. Four grouting holes are arranged on a hole layout circle with the tunnel axis as the center and a radius of 7.02 meters. The horizontal section is parallel to the tunnel axis and the minimum distance from the tunnel contour line is 2.5 meters. Advance pre grouting is carried out through bidirectional directional long drilling on the ground. The result show that the permeability rate is not more than 3 Lu, and the water output of the tunnel excavation treatment section is not more than 147 m~3/h. The treatment effect is obvious. From this, it can be concluded that compared with traditional ground vertical hole curtain grouting and palm face cyclic grouting processes, this grouting technology reduces the number of boreholes, improves grouting efficiency, controls grouting range, saves grouting materials and construction period, creates favorable conditions for safe tunnel excavation, and has certain reference significance for similar tunnel water blocking treatment.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2201K]

  • Research on the mechanism and governance plan of erosion damage in the spillway of EP Hydropower Station

    HUANG Wei;YANG Yanlong;XIONG Zebin;Large Dam Safety Supervision Center,National Energy Adminstration;Yangtze River Design Group Co., Ltd.;

    The bottom plate of the left side of the spillway groove and nose section of the EP hydropower station was washed away during flood discharge, posing a threat to the safety of the dam operation.The hydraulic model test and on-site inspection revealed that the main reasons for the water damage to the bottom plate of the spillway discharge channel are: The unreasonable design of the aeration bucket position leads to high pulsating pressure on the bottom plate of the discharge channel and poor aeration effect; The shape of the flip bucket is unreasonable, and the flow back to the channel is not smooth, [Results]ing in a greater intensity of backflow in the downstream river channel; The flatness of the bottom plate of the spillway channel is poor, the water stop is ineffective, and there are defects in the quality of the concrete. In order to completely eliminate the safety hazards of spillway discharge, engineering treatment measures such as optimizing the layout of aeration facilities, adjusting the nose bucket to a large angle differential nose bucket, and dismantling and rebuilding the bottom plate of the spillway discharge channel have been proposed. Prototype observation experiments have shown good treatment effects, which can provide reference for the treatment of other spillway water damage hazards.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2450K]

  • Derivation and application of calculation formula for drawdown of pumping test in borehole

    CHEN Han;ZHANG Bingbing;DENG Gang;ZHANG Yanyi;YE Jianbing;LU Wei;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;Key Laboratory of Construction and Safety of Hydraulic Engineering of Ministry of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;Heilongjiang Province Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Investigation, Design and Research Institute;

    Pumping test in borehole should be conducted before dewatering of foundation excavation of water resources and hydropower engineering. Several wells were arranged at an inverted siphon of a deep and large foundation pit. Single well pumping test and double wells pumping test were conducted and permeability coefficients were calculated. Calculation formula of drawdown in the form of a logarithmic function was derived according to drawdown of single well pumping test. Water yield calculation formula of single well pumping test was derived according to Skabaranovic formula. The calculated value is relatively close to the actual value, which indicates the effectiveness of both formulas. Calculation formula of drawdown between both pumping wells in the form of a quadratic function was derived according to drawdown of single well pumping test, which can be used to determine the minimum drawdown during double wells pumping of foundation pit. The application of all calculation formulas can be the basis for the design of dewatering scheme of foundation pit.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2442K]

  • Numerical study on the hydrodynamic load of a new large-scale floating barrage pump station with a single-gate configuration

    WANG Jiansheng;XU Pu;DU Xinru;Shanghai Dike Pump Lock Construction and Operation Center;Shanghai Shangzi Engineering Design Co., Ltd.;China Ship Scientific Research Center;

    The water gates and pump stations of traditional pump gate water conservancy hubs are usually nonintegrated, facing difficulties in occupying large waterway areas, inconvenient integrated intelligent control, and poor urban construction aesthetics. Therefore, the floating pump station at the mouth of Suzhou River was taken as an example and proposes a new type of integrated pump gate: a large-scale floating barrage pump station with a single-gate configuration. However, the lateral thrust power of the pump station and its impact on riverbed silt during operation are not yet clear. Therefore, this study calculates the hydrodynamic load of the pump station from the perspective of flow analysis, and the numerical simulation study was conducted using the RANS solver in conjunction with the VOF multiphase flow model. This research aimed to predict the force conditions experienced by the pump station during shut-down, start-up, and door-closed dredging operations, as well as to analyze the characteristics of the upstream and downstream flow fields. The findings revealed that: during the uniform closure process of the pump station, its hydrodynamic load shows a nonlinear increase; enlarging the gap between the bottom of the vessel and the riverbed can reduce the hydrodynamic load; the side thrust required for the pump station′s door-opening process is positively correlated with the water level of the river; during the pump station′s dredging process, the greater the distance between the bottom of the floating vessel and the riverbed, the larger the effective dredging range that can be achieved. The result indicate that the clearance between the bottom of the pump station, the flap of the water pump, and the lateral thrust power need to be adjusted and coordinated in a timely manner during the process of opening and closing the valve. At the same time, the conclusion can provide reference for risk assessment and resource management of similar engineering projects.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 5023K]

  • Generator start-stop scheduling optimization method based on particle swarm algorithm

    KANG Heran;ZHANG Tianwen;XING Jingshu;HUO Qidi;HU Wenbo;WANG Qing;GAO Wenman;State Grid East Inner Mongolia Economic Research Institute;China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd.;

    In order to solve the problem of difficulty in adapting to renewable energy and rapid load changes in generator start-stop scheduling, a generator start-stop optimization scheduling model with economic benefits as the goal and system safety and stability as the constraint is proposed on the basis of commonly used scheduling schemes. Besides, the particle swarm algorithm is introduced to linearize the model to reduce the required solving time and improve the solving efficiency. The proposed method was simulated and verified by IEEE-30 node system under the condition that the system hot standby ratio was 60%, respectively. The proposed generator start-stop scheduling optimization method has high accuracy and efficiency. Compared with the current generator start-stop scheduling method, the method proposed has an error of less than 5% and can save more than 50% of calculation time.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2323K]

  • Variation and main causes of runoff and sediment in main rivers in arid inland areas of China in recent 70 years

    CHEN Kang;ZHAO Zhongnan;YANG Xiaoru;ZHANG Pei;ZHANG Yutong;CHEN Yin;Shandong Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy Co., Ltd.;General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Resources;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;

    The variation of water and sediment in rivers is related to the health and function of rivers, and also reflects the environmental changes in the river basins. To understand the water and sediment variation and the influence of human activities in rivers of the arid inland areas in China, the Tarim River, Heihe River, and Shule River are selected, which are representative rivers in arid inland areas of China. The cumulative curve method and the M-K test are used to systematically analyze the change characteristics of annual runoff and annual sediment transport at representative hydrological stations in these rivers from 1950 to 2020, and explores the main factors affecting the water and sediment changes in arid inland river basins. The result indicate that the annual runoff at the representative hydrological station of the Tarim River exhibits no trend variation, whereas the annual sediment discharge presents a significant decreasing trend. The annual runoff at the representative hydrological station of the Heihe River shows a significant increasing trend, while the annual sediment discharge shows a significant decreasing trend. The annual runoff at the representative hydrological station of the Shule River displays a significant increasing trend, and the annual sediment discharge shows an increasing trend. The main factors affecting the change of runoff and sediment in arid inland rivers include climate environment, reservoir construction, watershed diversion and river overflow, soil and water conservation, unreasonable exploitation and utilization of watershed, and imperfect watershed policies and management.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2310K]

  • Study on fish passage efficiency evaluation of Shawan Hydropower Station on Dadu River

    LIAO Yihong;WANG Xianzheng;WANG Yuan;ZHENG Dayu;GUO Tao;ZHAO Yi;ZHANG Jie;Wuhan Zhongke Ruihua Ecological Technology Co., Ltd.;Sichuan Shengda Hydropower Development Co., Ltd.;

    In order to understand the fish passing effect of the fishway of Shawan Hydropower Station, this study carried out the passing and reentry tests in the fishway.Spinibarbus sinensis was taken as the research object, the tracing behavior of marked fish was recorded by installing(Passive Integrated Transpondere, PIT) monitoring equipment in the fishway. The result showed that a total of 284 fish belonging to 2 orders, 4 families, 13 genera and 15 species were collected during the investigation period. The dominant species(IRI>1 000) under the dam were C.fuscoguttatus, Pseudorasbora parva, Onychostoma belcheri, Scleroderma brachygnathus, Scleroderma labeo and Scleroderma labeo. A total of 258 fish species were collected in the fishway, belonging to 10 genera, 2 families and 1 order. The dominant species(IRI>1 000) in the fishway were Epinephelus acuminatus subsp.major, Leptobagrus przewalskii, Gobiocypris rarus, Hemibarbus labeo and Pseudorasbora parva. During the monitoring period, a total of 1 848 labeled fish signals were obtained, a total of 221 labeled fish were monitored, and 70 fish were not monitored.The upward rate of the marked fish was 36.08%, the reentry rate was 58.42%, and the pass rate was 18.10%. During the monitoring period, the number of signals monitored during the day(8:00—20:00) was higher than that at night(20:00—8:00), and the most frequent periods of fishway use were 10:00—11:00,15:00—16:00 and 16:00—17:00. This study can provide a reference for the study of fish passage effect of domestic fish passage facilities.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1978K]

  • Environmental DNA assessment of fish diversity, distribution and niche characteristics in Zhutuo spawning ground in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River

    LU Jia;WANG Li;LI Ruijiao;YANG Jin;ZHANG Peng;YANG Shengfa;College of River & Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University;Yangtze River Chongqing Shipping Engineering Survey and Design Institute;National Engineering Research Center of Inland Waterway Regulation;

    [Objective]Implementation of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban policy may alter fish diversity and niche characteristics of dominant species in spawning grounds within the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the Upper Yangtze River. This study initiated continuous monitoring of natural spawning habitats from February 2022 to assess these ecological changes.[Methods]Environmental DNA(e DNA) metabarcoding was employed to analyze fish species composition, biodiversity patterns, and niche parameters of dominant species. Water sampling followed the CEN/TS 19461 standard across five monitoring transects(ZT1-ZT5). [Results]The e DNA analysis detected 45 species of fish belonging to 38 genera, 13 families, and 3 orders were detected through environmental DNA(e DNA) in this survey, including 10 species endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Procypris rabaudi and Myxocyprinus asiaticus. The fish community was mainly composed of bottom-dwelling, settling ovum-producing, omnivorous fish. The variation ranges of the Chao1 index, ACE index, Shannon index, and Simpson index are 736～996, 719～ 965, 1. 58 ～ 3. 23, and 0. 83 ～ 0. 99, respectively, indicating that fish species in spawning sites are abundant and community distribution uniformity is high. All indexes are highest at ZT1 monitoring points. Cluster analysis showed that, at a certain similarity level, fish community types in spawning sites could be basically divided into two groups: ZT1, ZT3, and ZT5 clustered together, and ZT2 and ZT4 clustered together, indicating similar fish community habitats. There are 9 dominant fish species in typical deep pool habitats in the reserve, with niche widths(Bi) ranging from 1. 13 to 3. 87. The dominant fish species are broad and medium niche fish, such as Cyprinus carpio and Hemiculter tchangi, with the niche overlap index(Oik) of some dominant fish species reaching more than 0. 95. This indicates fierce competition for resources among the fish in this spawning ground. [Conclusion]The Zhutuo spawning ground demonstrates high species richness with homogeneous community structure and intense resource competition. This study establishes an e DNA-based monitoring framework that enhances conventional survey method, providing critical baseline data for adaptive management under the fishing moratorium regime.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3529K]

  • Research on protection and restoration strategies for ecological buffer zones in Xiaoqinghe River

    WANG Xiaoli;ZHAO Xingmiao;SUN Jie;WANG Jin;LIU Xuefei;DIAO Huiwen;Haihe River,Huaihe River, and Xiaoqinghe River Basin Water Conservancy Management and Service Center of Shandong Province;Jiyang District Administrative Approval and Service Bureau of Jinan;Lixia District Water Affairs Bureau of Jinan;

    The aim was to explore the current status of the ecological buffer zones in the Xiaoqing River, identify major ecological and environmental issues, and propose ecological protection and restoration measures. Through the investigation and analysis of different types of ecological buffer zones in the Xiaoqing River, it was found that the river faces severe canalization, road-like embankments, and the loss of estuarine wetlands as ecological and environmental problems. Targeted restoration strategies such as interference removal, habitat creation, plant community establishment, and estuarine wetland development were proposed. These strategies aim to reduce the impact of human activities on the river, enhance the ecological functions of the buffer zones, and strengthen their role as important ecological safety barriers. By implementing ecological engineering projects, it is possible to effectively curb soil erosion, intercept and purify non-point source pollution, and improve the ecological environment quality of the Xiaoqing River.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2123K]

  • Research on online monitoring and intelligent early warning system for water quality in new water diversion projects

    ZHANG Qi;YANG Bo;HAN Zhenyuan;Dongding Branch Center of Shandong Provincial Water Transfer Project Operation and Maintenance Center;

    High quality water resources are crucial for the development of water diversion projects, and effective water monitoring and early warning can help continuously improve water quality and environment. To improve the quality level of water resources, on online water quality monitoring and intelligent warning systems for new water diversion projects are studied. An overall framework for water quality monitoring models is constructed. Specific evaluation indicators for monitoring models through processing water quality data are defined, and water quality monitoring models for water diversion projects are built. On this basis, temperature sensors, pH sensors, TDS sensors, and ORP sensors are set up and their operational functions are debugged to achieve the design of an online water quality monitoring and intelligent warning system. The experimental results show that the application of the above system can monitor and warn the water quality of water transfer projects based on abnormal conditions such as water temperature, redox capacity, dissolved solid mass, and pH value, which can provide reference for continuous improvement of water quality environment.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2162K]

  • Study on the fish gathering effect of Longkaikou fish gathering and transportation system

    SHEN Zhimin;HUANG Yongguo;LIAO Yihong;WEI Xiangxing;WANG Xin;ZHANG Jie;KUANG Xiaoming;Huaneng Longkou Hydropower Co., Ltd.;Wuhan Zhongke Ruihua Ecological Technology Co., Ltd.;

    In order to understand the fish gathering effect of Longkoukou fish gathering and transportation system, eight target fish species were caught through regular operation of the fish gathering and transportation system. The results showed that the fish aggregating system had a good effect on aggregating schizothorax, but it was quite different from the monitoring result of the fish aggregating system in 2021. This indicated that in the same season, due to different influences of the surrounding environment, the fish aggregating system will have different effects on the same fish. The PIT experiment was conducted with Schizothorax wangchiachii, Schizothorax chongi(Fang) and Schizothorax prenanti as the main research objects, to study the effect of collecting fish after releasing in different parts of the collecting system. The results showed that during the experiment, 17 tagged fish were caught in the collecting hopper, 13 of them entered the collecting platform, and 23.08% escaped from the collecting platform. 8 tagged fish released at the entrance of the fish collecting platform entered the fish collecting tank, 9 fish stayed in the fish collecting platform, and the proportion of fish escaping from the fish collecting platform was 45.16%. Five tagged fish released at the foil entrance of the deep water net were detected to enter the fish collecting platform, and the uplink rate was 16.67%. The result show that the Longkou fish collecting system has a certain effect of collecting fish. The research can provide reference for the transformation of Longkou fish collecting system and the research on the effect of domestic fish collecting system.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2015K]

  • The construction and application research of knowledge-driven intelligent operation and maintenance management platform for cascade pumping stations

    LIU Hairui;ZHONG Qianyou;XIE Jinping;ZHANG Yiyang;FU Chao;China Water Resources Beifang Investigation, Design, and Research Co., Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University;School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University;

    Long-distance water diversion projects are of great significance for alleviating regional water resource shortages and promoting regional economic and social development. Cascade pumping stations are key facilities to ensure the normal operation and efficient water transfer of these projects. Taking the informatization construction of the cascade pumping station group on the Shandong main line of the East Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project as an example, a knowledge-driven intelligent operation and maintenance management platform for cascade pumping stations was proposed. By analyzing the informatization construction needs of the cascade pumping station group and sorting out the relationships between actual engineering objects, a knowledge graph for the operation and maintenance of the cascade pumping station group is constructed. This enables intelligent management and optimized scheduling of heterogeneous multi-source data during the operation and maintenance of the pump station group. The research results show that this platform can improve the efficiency and reliability of the cascade pumping station group, reduce faults and losses, and achieve intelligent management during the operation and maintenance process.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2447K]

  • Research and application of pumped-storage hydroelectricity video monitoring agent based on cloud tube edge collaboration

    WANG Baogen;LIN Wenfeng;QIN Fei;GAO Guanqun;CHEN Bo;HUANG Jia;Science and Technology Information Department of State Grid Xinyuan Holding Co., Ltd.;Hebei Zhanghewan Storage Power Generation Co., Ltd.;Information Engineering Department of Beijing Xuji Electric Co., Ltd.;

    With the development of the new generation of artificial intelligence technology, machine learning and deep learning frameworks have become important tools for developing and promoting artificial intelligence applications. On the premise of fully considering the limitations of computing resources of end devices, a video monitoring intelligent agent for pumped storage power stations based on cloud management edge end collaboration was proposed to solve the problem of traditional reliance on cloud data centers for intensive computing. Through the hierarchical deployment of algorithm models and the cloud management side to side collaboration mechanism, the problems of the video surveillance agent in the pumped storage power plant in computing power, network, storage, etc. are solved to a great extent, the high latency and high energy consumption caused by the transmission of large amounts of data over a long distance WAN are reduced, the agent edge computing mode is optimized, and the ability to apply AI technology with high computational complexity is improved, Improve the real-time application level of video monitoring intelligent agents in pumped storage power stations.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2700K]

  • Cascaded arrangement scheme and data processing algorithm for ship lock fiber bragg grating water level measurement system

    WANG Zhongmin;Three Gorges Navigation Authority;

    Water level measurement technology plays an important role in the operation of ship locks, and fiber optic grating sensors, as a new type of passive sensor, have great potential in the field of ship lock water level measurement. In order to establish a precise and reliable ship lock water level measurement system, a cascade arrangement scheme for the fiber optic grating water level measurement system in the ship lock was designed, which is easy to be connected in series, combined with the water level change characteristics during the operation of the ship lock. This scheme can further improve the actual measurement accuracy when measuring the water level difference inside and outside the ship lock, while the accuracy of the sensor itself is fixed. Based on this layout plan, a calibration algorithm was designed for zero drift and slope drift of the water level gauge. The calibration algorithm runs during the filling and discharging of the ship lock, and the water level gauge is calibrated step by step. In addition, a data fusion algorithm based on the Kalman filter principle was designed for the effective water level gauge data in the cascade layout scheme, and the effectiveness of the algorithm was verified through simulation.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3498K]

  • Research and planning on efficiency increase, capacity expansion and green transformation of hydropower in Southern Zhejiang

    DAN Qingyang;BAI Wenhuan;CHEN Qingyue;LI Daren;ZHOU Weiming;RAO Dayi;Economic Research Institute of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Company;National Research Institute for Rural Electrification of MWR;

    China is endowed with a substantial reservoir of small hydropower resources. Since the 1980 s, the State Council has been instrumental in the advancement of rural hydropower development, successfully completing the electrification of over 1 500 counties. The country's installed capacity of small hydropower stations has reached a remarkable 73 000 megawatts(MW), representing over half of the global installed capacity of small hydropower. This achievement has significantly contributed to the economic and social advancement of rural areas. Nevertheless, as a consequence of economic development and environmental awareness, the role of small hydropower has been gradually marginalized, and the existing historical problems have not been effectively solved. A basic data platform of rural hydropower in China is employed to explore the feasibility of green transformation, modernization, and upgrading of small hydropower.It also analyzes the hydropower expansion mode and the feasibility of hybrid pumping and storage transformation under the condition of a high proportion of new energy to the grid. Furthermore, it puts forward a transformation planning plan for the hydropower resource-rich area of Southern Zhejiang Province and analyzes the technical economics of hydropower stations of different scales. It is demonstrated that through the implementation of reasonable efficiency enhancements and expansion renovations, the aged hydropower station can markedly enhance its energy efficiency, augment its power generation capacity, and enhance its safety and environmental benefits.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2623K]

  • A method for quickly calculating carbon emissions from hydropower stations

    HUANG Siwei;ZHANG Tianxue;Hebei University of Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering;Hebei University of Engineering, School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power;

    In the context of the implementation of the “dual carbon” goal and the “dual control” system, in order to more objective ly reflect the environmental impact and environmental benefits of hydropower projects, it has become inevitable to incorporate carbon emission indicators into the environmental impact assessment system of hydropower projects. However, at present, most hydropower projects lack measured data on carbon emissions, making it difficult to carry out more systematic environmental impact assessment research. Using the Jinping I Hydropower Station on the Yalong River as a case study, relevant parameters from six domestic hydropower projects are collected and standardized. A fuzzy clustering approach is then applied to estimate the carbon emissions of hydropower stations lacking measured data. The result show that the fuzzy clustering method can more accurately and quickly quantitatively predict the carbon emissions of hydropower stations, thereby providing a more scientific basis for environmental impact assessment work.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2192K]

  • A review of research on joint optimal scheduling of water resources and power generation in hydropower stations

    LIU Baoquan;WEI Miao;LI Lin;SU Peichao;SUN Yonghong;China Energy Group Xinjiang Jilin Tai Hydropower Development Co., Ltd.;Guodian Nanjing Automation Co., Ltd.;

    As a renewable and clean energy source, hydropower plays an irreplaceable role in the supply of electricity. Due to the special characteristics of the hydropower station, it has undertaken a certain water resources allocation tasks, such as agricultural water use, industrial water use, municipal water use and other water supply tasks. How to balance the contradiction between water resources allocation and power generation scheduling during the operation of hydropower plants is one of the research hotspots in this field. Joint optimal scheduling of water resources and power generation of hydropower plants in the operation process of hydropower plants is an effective way to solve this problem. The purpose is to review the research result in the field of joint optimal scheduling of water resources and power generation in hydropower stations in recent years, and to discuss the hot direction of future research in this field for providing some reference to relevant research.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2187K]

  • Design and research of navigation scheduling management system of a ship lift from the perspective of “carbon reduction”

    WANG Xianghui;CHEN Cheng;LIU Jiayang;HU Xuelong;ZHANG Dong;LIU Zhengtao;CHEN Jianfeng;HUANG Biquan;ZHOU Yantong;China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd.;Hunan BLRlSE Information Technology Co., Ltd.;Hunan Tianxiakuan Information Technique Co., Ltd.;

    With the increasing global carbon emission reduction requirements, ship lift navigation scheduling system plays an increasingly important role in improving navigation efficiency, reducing empty ship trips and reducing carbon emissions. In order to optimize the navigation management of a ship lift, taking a dam as the research object, a set of intelligent navigation scheduling system based on AIS ship positioning, video surveillance, three-dimensional GIS and automatic sluice scheduling was studied and designed. The results show that the improved system can significantly improve the traffic scheduling efficiency, and the scheduling efficiency optimization range reaches more than 35%. The system performed well in reducing the number of empty ships to 5 after 800 iterations, significantly better than the 82% of traditional systems. In terms of carbon emission control, the carbon emission under complex conditions is as low as 120.78 kg.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2142K]

  • Exploration and research on the reform of integrated water management in jiande city

    YU Jing;GAO Yan;YANG Changming;Jiande Water Conservancy Bureau;Zhejiang Qianjiang Technology Development Co., Ltd.;

    To achieve unified construction and operation of water supply and drainage throughout Jiande city, unify the development and utilization of water resources, and fully promote common prosperity throughout the city, integrated water management reform was carried out based on the existing water infrastructure. The current situation and problems of urban and rural water affairs in Jiande City were thoroughly analyzed, the goals and principles of water affairs reform were determined, and the construction and operation of the city's water supply and drainage facilities were comprehensively considered through reform measures such as establishing a water conservancy and water affairs group company, clarifying the responsibilities of government and enterprises, promoting water price and water fee reform, and accelerating the construction of water conservancy and water affairs projects. The integrated reform of water resources in Jiande City has achieved good reform result, such as smooth management system, unified construction and management, smooth water supply and drainage, high-quality services, and water prices on the same network and at the same price. It has achieved the goals of ensuring urban and rural water supply safety, fully utilizing water resources, and preserving and increasing the value of state-owned assets. It has comprehensively improved the support and guarantee capacity of water resources in Jiande City, fully achieving the economic, social, and environmental benefits of limited water resources. It has established a new model for the integrated reform of water resources in Jiande City, and provided a model for water integration reform for other regions.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2043K]

  • Risk assessment of ship impact on radial gates using multi-source information fusion

    ZHANG Chaoyi;CHEN Xing;ZHANG Qiling;XING Xiwang;LI Duanyou;LI Ming;Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute;River Basin Complex Administration Center, China Three Gorges Corporation;Hubei Technology Innovation Center for Smart Hydropower;

    The risk of ship impact is growing for various types of water conservation facilities due to the fast-growing inland river navigation. Compared with general mass concrete water-retaining structures, e.g. dams, gate structures are thinner and thus take higher failure risks in ship-impact events. Consequently, gate structures are generally recognized as weaknesses among water-retaining structures. Unfortunately, no mature method are available for quantitative assessment of failure risks to gate structures in ship-impact events. A risk assessment study of a radial gate structure was conducted. A multi-source information fusion assessment approach based on the combination of weights, the cloud model and the D-S evidence theory was proposed. Finite element analysis was carried out to provide the data input for the risk assessment.In the current case of the ship tonnage between 200-3 000 t and the ship's speed between 1-8 m/s, the failure risk of the radial gate subjected to ship collisions is ranked as Class II. The gate should have some pitfalls in ship-impact events but can maintain its safe operation. The proposed method can directly present the gate's risk level, thus achieving quantitative assessment of failure risks to gate structures in ship-impact events. The assessment result can serve as a scientific foundation for the navigation safety management of water conservancy facilities and the formulation of the corresponding emergency plans.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2801K]

  • Research on “parallel lock” system

    LIU Zuwei;ZHAO Yiming;ZHONG Zhi;Three Gorges Navigation Administration Bureau;

    At present, the industrial control technology of ship lock has gradually failed to meet the current needs in the aspects of data interaction between different systems, hierarchy definition between systems and network security risks. By analyzing the service flow of ships passing through locks in the Three Gorges River section, a concept of “parallel lock” is put forward which integrates intelligent management, intelligent operation and intelligent supervision. Through the construction of a parallel lock management system for ships passing through the lock area, the whole process of ships beginning to declare to the final departure from the lock area is manifested and digitized, and then the entire ship passing through the lock service is comprehensively monitored and intelligently managed, making the lock industrial control technology further intelligent navigation on the existing basis.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1980K]

  • Simulation on connected water level under minimum discharge flow of Tongjiezi-Shawan Power Station in Dadu River Basin

    WANG Jianhua;WANG Le;QU Tian;QIU Hui;LI Shufei;ZENG Ming;DONG Xuan;HUANG Kewei;CHN Energy Dadu River Basin Hydropower Development Co., Ltd.;Bureau of Hydrology,Chang Jiang Water Resources Commission;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management;Center of Technology Innovation for Intelligent Water Simulation, Forecasting and Operation of the River Basin,Chang Jiang Water Resources Commission;Hubei Key Laboratory of Basin Water Security, Changjiang Survey, Planning,Design and

    Connected water level is an important factor affecting the efficient utilization of water resources in Dadu River Basin. Based on the latest real and measured data, the connected relationship of Tongjiezi-Shawan Power Station in Dadu River Basin under the minimum discharge flow was analyzed by using hydrological and hydrodynamic simulation method, and the corresponding minimum discharge flow guarantee method was proposed. The result show that, under the influence of long-term scouring after reservoir operation, the stage-discharge relation below the Tongjiezi dam shows a right deviation compared with the design stage, and the corresponding water level is relatively low under the same flow. The backwater at the end of Shawan Reservoir has a jacking effect on the water level below Tongjiezi Dam, and the jacking effect is more obvious when the water level of Shawan Reservoir is above 431 m. The latest data shows that Tongjiezi-Shawan has an incomplete connected relationship, with a connected water level of 430.47 m, which is 1.53 m lower than the designed connected water level of 432 m. Adopting the new connected water level can improve the efficiency of water resource utilization between upstream and downstream cascades while meeting the minimum discharge demand.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3687K]

  • Research of user abnormal behavior recognition model for water economy operating system

    TANG Maolin;LIU Gang;HE Zhenbang;YU Yongcheng;ZHOU Qingshan;MENG Wenjin;State Energy Group Qinghai Electric Power Co., Ltd.;Guoneng Information Control Interconnection Technology Co., Ltd.;School of Information Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law;

    The water economic operation system is an important tool for water resources management and can greatly improve the operating efficiency of power stations. However, user behavior directly affects the system's operating status and data accuracy. Through real-time monitoring and analysis of user behavior via system logs, potential security threats can be discovered in a timely manner. The commonalities of abnormal user behaviors found in system logs were studied. A Transformer-based user abnormal behavior identification model for water economic operation system(T-UABI-WEOS) was proposed. Without sacrificing the original information of the data, the feature fusion preprocessing method is used to optimize the expression form of the data, so that the interaction between features is effectively reflected, rather than simply being treated independently. Considering the imbalance of user behavior data, a variational auto-encoder(VAE) model to learn from normal sequence data was introduced. The trained VAE model then generates simulated abnormal sequence data to balance the dataset, thus enhancing the training effect of the model. Experimental result show that the proposed method achieves a 6% improvement in prediction accuracy over traditional data preprocessing method. Additionally, the experiment compared different deep learning models, and the model T-UABI-WEOS showed higher accuracy and lower false alarm rate. The result demonstrated that T-UABI-WEOS achieved higher accuracy and a lower false alarm rate. The research result provide scientific decision-making support for the electric power industry. By identifying abnormal user behavior in real-time, potential security threats can be discovered promptly, allowing for the implementation of corresponding preventative measures. The approach can better address network security incidents and ensure the stable operation of the power grid, ultimately contributing to national security and stability.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2034K]

  • The impact of investigation specifications on the danger elimination and reinforcement engineering of medium and small reservoirs in China

    SONG Huajun;CAO Lianpeng;FU Daqing;SUN Jinzhong;Weifang Architectural Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd.;Weifang Municipal Engineering Design Research Institute Co., Ltd.;Shandong Hengyuan Survey and Design Co., Ltd.;College of Engineering and Technology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing;

    Aiming at major dangerous phenomena about medium and small reservoirs that have been reinforced in recent years, and major dangerous situations such as dam-collapsed dams and landslides, the impact of investigation specifications on reinforcement projects on reservoirs have been discussed. Based on the danger elimination and reinforcement data of medium and small reservoirs in our country, the impact of investigation specifications on the reinforcement projects of medium reservoirs through examples, and compares the differences between the Specification of engineering geological investigation for medium-small water conservancy and hydropower development(SL 55—2005) and three normative documents on the investigation regulations for danger elimination and reinforcement of small reservoirs were analyzed. The result show that:(1) 62.4% of the country's reinforcement projects of medium reservoirs without appropriate investigation specifications, it has a profound influence on the dam safety of the reinforcement projects of medium reservoirs.(2) The two normative documents and the individual provisions of SL 55—2005 have had an immeasurable and far-reaching impact on the dam safety of 99.3% of the country's reinforcement projects of small reservoirs.(3) The SL 55—2005 does not guarantee the quality of specification and design for the hundreds of reinforcement projects of medium reservoirs and reinforcement that need to be completed in the near future, one normative document will ensure the quality of the reinforcement of small reservoirs reinforcement in the implementation. The result show that it is urgent to revise and perfect SL 55—2005 to ensure the safety of medium and small reservoirs dams.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2595K]

  • Research on standardized management factors of reservoirs in Guizhou Province based on PCA-GA algorithm

    NI Kang;GU Jinyong;SHEN Qiankun;Guizhou Water Resources Research Institute;

    In the creation of benchmark tables relying on experts, there exists freely controlling the degree of deduction within the deduction interval. In response to the problem of inconsistent differentiation caused by the importance of factors, the proportion of total scores, and the consistency of deduction intervals, principal component analysis(PCA) is used to reconstruct the “Evaluation Criteria” and establish a feature matrix as input variables. GA genetic algorithm is used to improve the BP neural network for fitting verification. The result indicate that the higher the degree of dispersion of the factors in the Evaluation Criteria, the more representative they are of the actual situation of creation; The GA algorithm further enhances the generalization ability and accuracy of the BP neural network by establishing a mapping relationship between the explanatory target and the explanatory fitness kernel function. The improved GA-BP neural network algorithm model has a fitting accuracy of 98.78%; The fitted R~2 of the “Evaluation Criteria” after reconstruction is as high as 0.953, which has improved by 0.107 compared to before reconstruction and has better fitting accuracy. At present, there is relatively little research on the deconstruction and reorganization of water conservancy engineering standardization from the perspective of factor dispersion. The research conclusion of this article can effectively assist in the creation of standardized management for reservoirs in Guizhou Province and the subsequent revision of the “Evaluation Criteria”.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3816K]

  • Prospects and challenges of AIGC technology in hydraulic engineering design

    LI Yuxing;Shanghai Water Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd.;

    Artificial Intelligence Generated Content(AIGC) technology, as an emerging field combining artificial intelligence with generative computation, is rapidly evolving through method such as machine learning, deep neural networks, and generative models. It extracts elements from massive datasets and generates complex content, bringing disruptive transformations to numerous sectors. In the domain of hydraulic engineering design, AIGC technology demonstrates extensive potential applications. These include high-precision river flow predictions based on Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) neural networks, intelligent water resource management and integrated basin governance using machine learning algorithms, and enabling the entire lifecycle design of hydraulic projects through intelligent systems. However, the unique nature of engineering projects, algorithm applicability, data quality, infrastructure development, talent cultivation, and information security also pose significant challenges to the application of AIGC technology in hydraulic engineering design. Continuous interdisciplinary technological innovation, industry data accumulation, and professional talent development are crucial in addressing these challenges, facilitating the transformative role of AIGC technology in promoting intelligent, refined, and sustainable development in hydraulic engineering design.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2218K]

  • Research on image recognition method for misalignment of gates in large ship locks

    GAO Shu;JIANG Zhou;BIAN Ji;CHEN She;Three Gorges Navigation Authority;

    The misalignment detection scheme for the miter gate of a large ship lock using image recognition technology was discussed. High-definition image acquisition equipment was used. Real-time detection of gaps and dislocations in the miter gate was achieved through pre-processing, feature extraction, and SVM classifier training. Field prototype testing and error analysis have demonstrated the practicality and effectiveness of the scheme, meeting the practical application requirements of ship locks.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2446K]

  • Effects of plant root diameter and length on ecological slope protection

    ZENG Min;ZHANG Hongli;ZHOU Yaning;XI Xiaolong;ZHANG Lianyu;LIN Hang;China Communications First Aviation Bureau Southwest Engineering Co., Ltd.;School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University;

    In ecological slope protection, plant roots reinforce soil by reinforcing or anchoring, and root size directly affects the soil consolidation efficiency of plants and slope stability. With root diameter and root length as variables, the displacement response of root-soil complex under pull-out and horizontal coupling loads under different root sizes was analyzed by numerical method. By comparing the displacement characteristic curves of root, soil and root-soil complex under pull-out and horizontal loads, the influence of root diameter and root length on the deformation of the complex was analyzed, and the displacement evolution law of the complex under different root sizes was clarified. The result show that the influence of root diameter on the deformation of the root-soil complex is weak under pull-out horizontal load, but the larger the root length, the smaller the deformation of the root-soil complex. When the root length is short, the displacement increment of the root-soil complex is mainly concentrated on the soil on both sides of the root wall. With the increase of root length, the displacement increment of soil on both sides of root wall also increases. Longer roots provide a larger anchoring area and are therefore better able to disperse and carry loads. In the case of short roots, soil deformation mainly occurs at the near end of the root, while long roots can make the deformation pattern more uniform, affect the soil at a longer distance, and improve the stability of the whole system.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3204K]

  • Study on the dilation characteristics of silty mudstone under triaxial compression

    ZHANG Hao;ZHOU Liming;LUO Rong;ZHANG Lijie;Key Laboratory of Geotechniacal Mechanics and Engineering of Ministry of Water Resources, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute;

    The volume dialation effect is a significant characteristic of rock volume change under triaxial compression conditions, and is an important manifestation of the nonlinear expansion of rock volume. In order to examine the dialation characteristics of rock, analyze the influence mechanism of plastic characteristics and stress level on the dialation characteristics, and explain the deviatoric stress-strain curve characteristics of the rock in the whole process, taking the silty mudstone of a water diversion project in southwest China as the research object, a study was carried out. In the triaxial compression test under the confining pressure level of 1～25 MPa, the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion and plastic parameters were introduced to study the dialation characteristics of the rock. The results show:(1) The dialation stress and residual stress of the rock are 0.65 and 0.58 of the peak stress respectively, and various strength indicators have an obvious linear relationship with the confining pressure level, which is consistent with the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion;(2) After dialation occurs, the internal friction angle and cohesion of the rock experienced changes that first increased and then decreased as the plastic parameters increased, and the change characteristics had a certain degree of asynchrony. The fitting model based on the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion and plastic parameters can Describe the deviatoric stress-strain curve of the whole process after the rock dialation occurs;(3) The dialation angle and dialation index decrease in a negative exponential manner as the confining pressure increases, and the rupture surface inclination angle gradually increases with the increase of the confining pressure. and gradually stabilized.The deformation process of rock after dialation is closely related to the stress level and plastic properties, and the confining pressure has an inhibitory effect on rock dialation.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4074K]

  • Benchmarking and difference analysis of risk control technology of geological disaster of mountain pipeline

    FANG Yingchao;JIANG Yi;XI Guoshi;HU Yiming;WANG Renhe;WANG Renchao;Southwest Pipeline Ltd.,PipeChina;School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University;School of Computer Science and Engineering,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China;

    Pipelines in China's mountainous areas are widely distributed, running through the northwest to the southeast and the central, southwest, northeast and other regions, often inevitably passing through complex and steep mountainous areas. It is found that the common geological disasters in China's pipeline inspection include collapses, landslides, debris flows, water damage, etc. Due to the characteristics of high pressure, flammability and explosiveness, once a geological disaster occurs, it is easy to cause casualties, property losses and bad social impact. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out research on the risk management and control technology of geological disasters in mountainous areas. Bibliometric and categorical statistics are used to analyze the differences between domestic and foreign risk management and control technologies and other linear engineering technologies such as pipelines and highways, railways, power grids and land. The risk management and control technologies studied include identification technology, risk assessment technology, monitoring and early warning technology, and prevention and control technology. By condensing the important technical characteristics of geological disasters of domestic and foreign linear engineering pipelines, and combining their advantages and disadvantages, the technologies worthy of reference for China's mountainous pipelines are summarized. These technologies can be used as scientific and reliable protection and control guidance for mountain pipeline engineering in China, and provide strong support for ensuring the safe operation of mountain pipelines.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2151K]

  • Research application of overcasting and three-dimensional analysis of feature data in deeply buried tunnels

    SU Bo;ZHONG Guo;CUI Zhengwei;ZHANG Shishu;HU Qinglong;TANG Youchuan;LI Fulong;Guoneng Sichuan Ashine Power Corporation Limited;Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited;Sichuan Zhongshui Chengkanyuan Geophysical Exploration Corporation Limited;

    As a critical component in the construction of diversion-type power stations, water diversion tunnels require comprehensive advanced geological prediction to ensure safe water diversion tunnels require comprehensive advanced geological prediction to ensure safe excavation and timely completion. This study focuses on a deep-buried water diversion tunnel in western Sichuan, where complex geological conditions such as high in-situ stress, fault fracture zones, and abundant groundwater were encountered during excavation. By integrating geological analysis, TRT(Tunnel Reflection Tomography) method, Transient Electromagnetic Method(TEM), and Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR), we propose a three-dimensional geological prediction approach based on an advanced geological forecasting platform. The implementation procedure consists of three phases: First, 3D seismic wave method is employed to identify tunnel sections with anomalous geophysical responses indicating unfavorable geological features. Second, multi-angle TEM verification and three-dimensional integration of geological and geophysical data are conducted for these anomalous sections. Finally, precise prediction of adverse geological conditions ahead of the tunnel face is achieved through GPR detailed detection and supplementation of prior geological data. Application of this method in the western Sichuan tunnel project revealed: In the section Stake(Tunnel) 6+950—6+867, surrounding rocks exhibited poor integrity with developed joint fissures, localized minor faults, moderately fractured to fragmented rock masses, and significant groundwater presence, classified as Class IV surrounding rock. The section Stake(Tunnel) 6+867—6+830 showed relatively poorer rock integrity with moderately developed joints, less groundwater, and localized fracturing, classified as Class III_2—IV surrounding rock. The result demonstrate that this 3D comprehensive geological prediction method effectively combines geological and geophysical approaches, integrating point-line-plane geophysical techniques. It successfully delineates the spatial distribution and development range of unfavorable geological features including fault fracture zones, joint fissures, and water-rich zones ahead of the tunnel face, providing reliable technical guidance for safe and efficient tunnel excavation.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 5098K]

  • Discussion on the research status and development direction of underground engineering structure safety and resilience technology

    GAO Chao;China Railway Engineering Design Consulting Group Co., Ltd.;

    As an important part of urban infrastructure, underground engineering structures are of great significance in the planning and design of underground space. The current status of safety and resilience technology for underground engineering structures is reviewed, and the existing problems and future development directions are discussed. The research background and significance of underground engineering structure safety and toughness technology are introduced. The existing research are summarized from the aspects of underground structure safety assessment, underground structure seismic toughness technology, underground structure damage identification and repair. Future development direction of underground engineering structure safety and resilience technology are described.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1993K]

  • Study on optical remote sensing identification of high-location and long-runout landslide in the upper reaches of Jinsha River

    ZHAO Heng;YU Tianbin;WANG Meng;HUANG Xichao;WANG Jun;LIU Wen;SONG Ban;Yabatan Branch of Huadian Jinsha River Upstream Hydropower Development Co., Ltd.;Sichuan Institute of Comprehensive Geological Survey(Evaluation and Utilization of Strategic Rare Metals and Rare Earth Resource Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province);

    The geological conditions of the upper boundbelt of Jinsha River are extremely complex.The high position and long-runout geological disasters are the epitome of the geologica levolution in this area, which have for med many chain disasters similar to Baige landslide.High position and long-runout landslide has the characteristics of strong concealment, largescale, high suddenness and great destructive power.It is difficult to detect early due to the limitation of ground survey methods.Based on multi-optical remote sensing technology to carry out the Jinsha River upstream binding zone high remote landslide identification research, starting from the formation condition sand evolution process of high position and long-runout landslide, the comprehensive identification method of comprehensive remote sensing interpretation and halo disaster geological environment conditionanaly is adopted.Fourearly identification indexes of high position and long-runout landslide are stablished, which are image mark, topography mark, geological condition mark and human engineering activity mark.84 high position and long-runout landslides were identified int hestudy area.Through the identification results, the early identification indicators are further summarized, and the indicators are divided into three levels: basic conditions important conditions and auxiliary identification conditions.The research results provide the basis for the prevention and control of geological disasters and major engineering construction in the upper Jinsha River region, and also provide references for the early identification of high position and long-runout landslides in similaral pine valleyareas.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 6256K]

  • Laws of evolution of physico-mechanical parameters along the elevation of landslides under the effect of rainfall

    HU Anlong;JU Yongsheng;WEI Yong;SHANG Zhipeng;BAI Yongli;HUANG Peng;Economic and Technological Research Institute of Gansu Electric Power Company,State Grid;Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University;

    To investigate the impact of rain on the physical and mechanical components of accumulation body landslides, a physical model was created in the western of China. Rainfall is a primary factor in such landslides. By simulating typical rainfall effect, samples were taken at different elevations of the accumulation body physical model, and permeability and direct shear tests were carried out. The evolution of mineral content, porosity, permeability coefficient and shear strength parameters along the elevation are analyzed in detail. The results show that the porosity at the top of the slope surface is 2.2 times that at the bottom of the slope surface, and the content of SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 representing fine particles such as river sand and clay increases by about 7% and 3%.The permeability coefficient and internal friction Angle of accumulation body increase gradually with the increase of elevation, but the c value of cohesion shows the opposite law and gradually decreases. The permeability coefficient, internal friction Angle and cohesiveness of slope surface change more obviously than that of slope interior. Combined with the quantitative analysis of parameters and the observation of phenomena in the test process, it is shown that the runoff and seepage of rainfall promote the migration and accumulation of fine particles to the low elevation of the slope. The research process and result are of great significance to the stability analysis of accumulative landslides under rainfall conditions.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4097K]

  • Research on the impact of fracture aperture on the stability of mudstone reservoir bank slopes under rainfall conditions

    JIANG Huangbin;WANG Xiang;LIANG Jingwei;Hunan Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;Hunan Dam Safety and Disease Prevention Engineering and Technology Research Centre;

    The study of slope stability problems under the influence of rainfall is a key link in the prevention and control of slope disasters. To explore the impact of fracture aperture on the stability of mudstone reservoir bank slopes, the finite element numerical simulation technique was used to investigate the changes in internal seepage characteristics of slopes with different fracture apertures under rainfall conditions, and to analyze the rules of the impact of crack aperture on their stability under different slope failure modes. The results show that under rainfall conditions, rainwater permeates into the interior along the fracture of the slope rock mass and forms a saturated area at the base of the slope, with the area of this region increasing as the fracture aperture increases. When the mudstone reservoir bank slope undergoes slip failure, the stability coefficient increases with the increase of the fracture aperture, and when the fracture aperture is greater than 0.75 mm, the safety factor of the slope reaches 1.2; when it undergoes layer slip-bending failure, the stability coefficient decreases with the increase of the fracture aperture, and when the fracture aperture is less than 0.15 mm, the safety factor of the slope reaches 1.4. It can be seen that the impact of fracture aperture on the stability of mudstone reservoir bank slopes is directly related to the failure mode of the slope.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2396K]

  • Discrete element mesoscopic study on interface characteristics of coarse-grained soil-geogrid in seasonal frozen soil area

    LIU Qingguang;LIU Jie;LEI Bingbing;ZHANG Jiangpeng;BAI Qiyu;College of Water Conservancy & Architectural, Engineering, Shihezi University;Xinjiang Traffic Planning Survey Design Research Institute Co., Ltd.;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mountain Transportation Infrastructure Disaster Prevention and Control Technology Engineering Research Center;Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Safety and Health of Transportation Infrastructure in Alpine and High-altitude Mountainous Areas;

    In order to seasonally frozen regions, significant temperature fluctuations affect the mechanical stability and long-term durability of reinforced soil engineering in cold areas by changing the mechanical properties of the reinforced soil interface. This study uses the discrete element method PFC~(3D) software. A numerical simulation of the direct shear test was carried out for coarse-grained soil-geogrid indoor direct shear test at-5 ℃. The evolution process of macro and micro characteristics of geogrid reinforced coarse-grained soil in direct shear tests, such as single deformation force, porosity change, displacement and rotation of coarse-grained soil, and force chain stress field inside the soil, is revealed. The accuracy and practicability of the model are verified by comparing the simulation result with the laboratory test result. The results show that under the condition of-5 ℃ low temperature, with the increase of shear displacement, the deformation is gradually obvious, and the deformation of the longitudinal rib is significantly greater than that of the transverse rib. An in-depth analysis of the porosity changes of different sections inside the soil shows that the porosity decreases with the increase of shear displacement, and the porosity on the shear surface and below shows an asymmetric distribution pattern. The shear displacement is mainly concentrated around the shear surface, and the displacement is characterized by high left and low right. As the shear proceeds, a centrally symmetrical arch structure is formed inside the soil. The stress field of the soil is further explored. The strong chain is initially distributed along the wall to create a low-stress zone. After the stress peak, the contact force between the particles decreases, and the force chain is distributed along the diagonal. This distribution feature is closely related to the applied horizontal thrust. The research findings provides a theoretical explanation for the reinforcement mechanism of coarse-grained soil from the microscopic point of view and provides data support for the design parameters of reinforced soil engineering in seasonal frozen soil areas.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 6231K]

  • Field test on engineering performance of high reinforced soil slopes in high altitude areas

    PENG Wang;WANG Maozhong;JIA Bin;DONG Ran;State Grid UHV Engineering Construction Company;East China Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd.of China Power Engineering Consulting Group;

    Reinforced soil slopes constructed in high altitude regions may face structural damage due to freeze-thaw cycles, material aging, and seismic activity. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct on-site monitoring of reinforced soil slopes during construction and service in high altitude areas to ensure the safety and stability of the project. A field test was conducted on a newly constructed 40-meter-high geogrid-reinforced soil slope in Qamdo, Xizang. The internal and external temperature, slope deformation, top settlement, vertical earth pressure and geogrid strain distribution of the reinforced soil high slope constructed in high altitude areas were analyzed. The engineering performance of the reinforced soil high slope in high altitude areas was discussed. The test results show that the internal temperature of the reinforced soil slope varies with the change of ambient temperature, with the boundary area of the slope being particularly sensitive to temperature changes. The lateral displacement of the slope surface increases sharply during construction and then gradually stabilizes, with the maximum lateral displacement occurring on the lowest slope surface, and the cumulative displacement is about 1.11% of the slope height. The slope surface settlement stabilizes graduall after construction, with the maximum incremental settlement of approximately 50 mm observed six months post-construction. Due to the construction of the upper substation and the increase of mechanical loads, the settlement of the slope top is still gradually increasing. The vertical earth pressure within the slope decreases gradually with increasing slope height, and along the direction of geogrid placement, it first increases and then decreases. The strain in the geogrid decreases gradually along the direction of geogrid placement and with increasing slope height.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4102K]

  • Cyclic behavior of root-loess composites under direct simple shear test conditions and insights from discrete element method modeling

    SUN Yuan;LI Hui;CHENG Zhifeng;College of Civil Engineering, Qinghai University;

    Plant roots are widely known to provide mechanical reinforcement to soils against shearing and further increase slope stability. However, whether roots provide reinforcement to loess cyclic re-sistance and how various factors affect roots reinforcement during seismic loading have rarely been studied. The objective is to conduct a series of cyclic direct simple shear tests and DEM numerical simulation to investigate the cyclic behaviour of rooted loess. The effects of initial static shear stress and loading frequency on the cyclic resistance of root-soil composites were first investigated. After that, cyclic direct simple shear simulations at constant volume were carried out based on the discrete element method(PFC3D) to investigate the effects of root geome-try, mechanical traits and root-soil bond strength on the cyclic strength of rooted loess. It was discovered that the roots could effectively improve the cyclic resistance of loess. The cyclic resistance of the root-soil composite decreases with the increase of the initial shear stress, then increases, and improves with the increase of the frequency. The simulation result show that increases in root elastic modulus and root-soil interfacial bond strength can all enhance the cyclic resistance of root-soil composites, and the maximum cyclic resistance of the root-soil composite was obtained when the initial inclination angle of the root system was 90°.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 5032K]

  • Study on the deformation characteristics of ancient landslides in Chengchi Village based on SBAS-InSAR monitoring technology

    WANG Shixing;XU Zhengxuan;ZHAO Siwei;TANG Yuhao;GUO Chen;ZHAO Wenlong;China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co., Ltd.;Xu Zhengxuan Geological Innovation Studio of China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co., Ltd.;Chengdu University of Technology;

    Landslide-related geological disasters pose a significant threat to human life and property, making the in-depth study of the deformation characteristics of landslides both scientifically valuable and practically important. The Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(SBAS-InSAR) technique is one of the most effective method for monitoring large-scale, slow-moving landslide surface deformations. The technology efficiently identifies the spatiotemporal deformation characteristics of landslides. In this study, we applied the SBAS-InSAR method to analyze the spatiotemporal deformation of the ancient landslide area in Chengchi Village, using 76 ascending orbit images from the Sentinel-1A satellite and 12 ascending orbit images from the ALOS-1/PALSAR satellite. The results indicate that the most significant deformation area of the ancient landslide in Chengchi Village is concentrated in the southern part of the upper-middle section, with a maximum annual average deformation rate of-90 mm/year. Between 2020 and 2022, the cumulative deformation at the most affected point reached-237 mm, with a deformation gradient ranging from 0 to-0.5. The research results indicate that the ancient landslide in Chengchi Village is in a state of long-term, continuous creep. By integrating L-band and C-band monitoring, the precision and timeliness of landslide deformation detection have been significantly enhanced. This approach provides crucial data support for the early identification of landslides and disaster warnings, laying a solid scientific foundation for disaster prevention, mitigation, and improving the effectiveness of early warning systems.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4726K]

  • Application of insar technology for landslide hazard identification and multi-dimensional deformation analysis in the Yellow River Basin

    ZHAO Heng;DONG Jihong;WANG Meng;HUANG Xichao;YU Tianbin;LIU Wen;ZHANG Kun;Yabatan Branch of Huadian Jinsha River Upstream Hydropower Development Co., Ltd.;Evaluation and Utilization of Strategic Rare Metals and Rare Earth Resource Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Sichuan Institute of Comprehensive Geological Survey;Sichuan Non Metallic (Salt Industry) Geological Survey and Research Institute;

    Qinghai Province is located in the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Frequently affected by geological and climatic factors, landslides along the Yellow River often developed. SBAS-InSAR technology was used to obtain surface deformation information of the Yellow River section in Maqin County, Qinghai Province, from January 2019 to October 2023, using Sentinel-1 data, and visual analysis was conducted to assist in identifying potential geohazards. In addition, two-dimensional deformation result were obtained using ascending and descending tracks, and the Jungong landslide was monitored using two-dimensional monitoring analysis. Based on this, the surface parallel flow constraint model was introduced to perform three-dimensional deformation inversion study on the Xiuma town landslide. The research result show that: based on the InSAR deformation rate, 65 and 46 deformation areas were identified using ascending and descending tracks respectively, for a total of 82 deformation areas, and the combined ascending and descending tracks achieved good visibility in the study area and eliminated the influence of geometric distortion on the result. The two-dimensional deformation result show that the maximum east-west and north-south deformation rates are-50 mm/a and 88 mm/a, respectively, which can assist in analyzing the deformation characteristics of landslides; The two-dimensional deformation of the Jungong landslide shows that 2~# deformed strongly, affected by human engineering activities and rainfall, with a vertical deformation of-175 mm; The three-dimensional deformation reveals the movement direction of different parts of the landslide in Xiuma town landslide. The horizontal sliding direction of the slope is affected by the micro-geomorphology, mainly southward and deviation into the trench, accompanied by subsidence. The time series result show that the landslide is obviously affected by rainfall, and periodic deformation characteristics are observed in local area.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 7973K]

  • Stability study of high steep slopes at the head section of the Water Diversion Project from Dadu River to Minjiang River

    ZHU Shaoshuai;LI Zhongwu;HAN Zhaoyang;DING Peipei;LAN Xiaoping;YU Lei;Sichuan Water Development Investigation, Design and Research Limited Co., Ltd.;College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University;

    Aiming at the stability issues of high steep slopes at the initial section of the Water Diversion Project from Dadu River to Minjiang River(Yindajimin Project) located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in the Hengduan Mountains area, long-term series of ground deformation monitoring using Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry(InSAR) technology were employed to identify potential instability areas. High-resolution three-dimensional terrain data of the slopes were also acquired using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) photogrammetry. Stability analyses under potentially adverse conditions were then conducted combining Limit Equilibrium Method and Finite Element Strength Reduction. The results demonstrate that the continuous surface deformations captured by SBAS-InSAR correlate spatially with local collapse of loose rock masses, indicating good stability of the slopes under current conditions. However, earthquake and rainfall activities significantly reduce the safety factor and may induce shallow overall sliding. Nevertheless, due to the favorable physico-mechanical properties of the rock materials in the study area, the slopes are expected to remain stable even under extreme conditions. The combined approach of satellite radar observation and numerical simulation provides a valuable reference for the stability assessment of similar high steep slopes in other hydroelectric engineering projects.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4901K]

  • Experimental study on cyclic simple shear behavior and thermal property of loess treated with nanosilica

    SUN Yuan;LI Hui;The First Construction Engineering Company of China Construction Third Engineering Bureau;China School of Civil Engineering and Water Resources,Qinghai University;

    Nanomaterials are gradually appearing in the field of geotechnical engineering to treat problematic foundations and prevent landslides. The cyclic resistance strength and post-cyclic shear strength development of solidifying loess with nanosilica were investigated. The effects of nanosilica dosage and initial effective consolidation stress on the strength of treated loess were investigated through a series of cyclic direct simple shear and post-cyclic monotonic shear tests. Microstructures and crystalline phases of loess treated with nanosilica were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) tests. In addition, the thermal conductivity of loess was tested at different water content and nanosilica doping. Based on the test result, it was concluded that the cyclic resistance and post-cyclic shear strength of loess increased continuously with the increase of nanosilica doping. Nanosilica solidifies loess through three mechanisms: filling, encapsulation, and reinforcing cementation, without chemical reaction with the soil components. On the other hand, nanosilica is an excellent thermal insulation material that can effectively reduce the thermal conductivity of loess.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 5712K]

  • Sediment characteristics and formation age of ancient dammed lakes in Wudongde Reservoir Area

    WANG Tuanle;LIU Jingmin;PENG Zheng;YE Shengsheng;LI Hua;DENG Jianhui;Three Gorges Geotechnical Consultants Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan;Institute of Geo-Engineering and Geohazards, College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University;Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited;

    The lacustrine sediments of the ancient dammed lakes contain important information reflecting the evolution of the geological environment. Through the study of lacustrine sediments, the formation and extinction process of the ancient barrier lake in the Wudongde Reservoir Area can be further revealed. The lacustrine sediments in the Wudongde Reservoir Area in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River are taken as the research object, and the spatial distribution, grain size sequence characteristics and formation age of lacustrine sediments in this area are discussed through field investigation, grain size test and OSL dating. The results show that:(1)The elevation of lacustrine sediments visible in the Wudongde Reservoir Area ranges from 908 m to 1 038 m, mainly exposed in the broad valley and convex bank area;(2)The C-M diagram shows that at the end of deposition, the hydrodynamic conditions changed dramatically and the hydraulic transport capacity became stronger, and the superposition relationship between the “top layer” lacustrine sediments and fluvial sand and pebble beds in many places can reflect that the end of deposition process corresponded to a large-scale disastrous flood event;(3)The results of OSL dating indicated that formation time of sediments(the time to block the river) is 34 ka BP, and the end time of lacustrine sediment deposition(the time to break the dam) is about 20 ka BP.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 5697K]

  • Research and practice on engineering geology of large reservoirs in karst blind valley area

    XU Yuting;LEI Hao;LI Xijun;Yunnan institute of Water & Hydropower Engineering Investigation, Design Co., Ltd.;Yunnan Institute of Water & Hydropower Engineering Investigation,Design and Research;

    The karst blind valley area is one of the natural resources for building large reservoirs, which can realize power generation, irrigation, and water transfer from south to north or east to west. It has extremely important practical significance for the development of industry and agriculture. However, the construction of reservoirs in karst blind valley area, especially large reservoirs, has very complicated engineering geological conditions and hydrogeological conditions, and the construction is difficult and the project cost is also large. This paper takes Wulichong Reservoir as an example to demonstrate and recommend the construction scheme of reservoir, and the success of using curtain anti-seepage treatment scheme to build reservoir has certain practical, guiding and practical significance in exploring the construction of large reservoirs in karst blind valley area.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4643K]

  • Detection of geohazards caused by human disturbance activities based on convolutional neural networks

    ZHANG Heng;ZHANG Diandian;YUAN Da;LIU Tao;Changjiang Institute of Survey,Planning, Design and Research;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University;

    Human disturbance activities is one of the main reasons for inducing geohazards. Ecological impact assessment metrics of roads are inconsistent criteria and multiple. From the perspective of visual observation, the environment damage can be shown through detecting the uncovered area of vegetation in the images along road. To realize this, an end-to-end environment damage detection model based on convolutional neural network is proposed. A 50-layer residual network is used to extract feature map. The initial parameters are optimized by transfer learning. An example is shown by this method. The dataset including cliff and landslide damage are collected by us along road in Shennongjia national forest park. Results show 0. 470 3 average precision(AP) rating for cliff damage and 0. 480 9 average precision(AP) rating for landslide damage. Compared with YOLOv3, our model shows a better accuracy in cliff and landslide detection although a certain amount of speed is sacrificed.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3408K]

  • Stability evaluation based on slope displacement rate under rainfall action

    ZAHO Wei;GENG Wenyan;ZHU Pengyu;China Railway Erju 6th Engineering Co., Ltd.;School of Civil Engineering, Southwest JiaoTong University;

    Although the influence coefficient of rainfall on the material strength of slope can be determined, it is difficult to accurately monitor the safety coefficient of road slope under rainfall conditions, and the displacement of slope can be monitored. If the safety condition of the roadbed slope can be judged through the evaluation of the slope rainfall reduction coefficient and slope displacement information, the actual project can be timely supported according to the safety condition and reduce the financial loss of personnel. The global displacement rate of the slope was monitored by the strength reduction method, and the relationship between the safety factor of the slope and the global displacement rate of the monitoring point has been analyzed. The result show that the strength reduction method is reliable; The damage, deformation and failure process of the homogeneous subgrade filled slope are obtained. The slope safety factor is related to the displacement rate. By analyzing the relationship between the displacement rate of monitoring points on the side slope and the stability state of the slope, all points are basically the same, which also provides a certain basis for evaluating the stability and safety of the slope. When the displacement rate is less than 8～10 m/s, the slope appears local instability phenomenon, the slope foot displacement is large, the slope top displacement is small. At this time, the slope soil is in the limit equilibrium state, and timely support is needed. When the displacement rate reaches 7～10 m/s, the slope will lose stability as a whole and slide along the circular arc sliding surface. At this time, the displacement of monitoring points in the sliding surface of all the slopes is large, and there is almost no difference, which indicates that the slope has slipped.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2457K]

  • Study on deformation evolution stage of pile-soil system based on new model test

    ZHANG Xiaoliang;HE Gang;TENG Hanqing;XIE Jinhong;LI Huan;JI Lizhi;China MCC5 Group Corp.Ltd.;School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University;Longi Green Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.;

    In order to explore the evolution mode of pile-soil interaction formed by landslide under the reinforcement of anti-slide piles, and to establish a landslide stability evaluation standard based on the synergistic deformation and failure characteristics of pile-soil interaction system, the indoor model test was carried out by means of indoor test, relying on the existing engineering cases, and the model test device of pull-type landslide anti-slide pile was used to simulate the interaction between pile and soil during landslide sliding. the soil pressure, pile strain, pile displacement and macro deformation of slope were monitored by preset monitoring device. The macroscopic deformation characteristics of landslide-anti-slide pile system, the strain variation characteristics of pile body and the variation characteristics of soil pressure on pile in the process of progressive failure of landslide in different stages were obtained. Taking this as the basis for the division of the evolution stage of the system, the evolution stage of the pile-soil interaction deformation of the small landslide-anti-slide pile system was divided into: the initial compaction stage, crack propagation stage, residual yield stage and pile-soil failure stage. Based on the macroscopic deformation characteristics of the slope and the anti-slide pile at different stages, a more intuitive division standard of different stages under the evolution mode of pile-soil interaction was established.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3091K]

  • Model experimental study of asymptotic failure of slopes under rainfall conditions

    ZHOU Liangmei;WANG Cuiying;CUI Lan;LENG Xianlun;FANG Bo;College of Civil Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology;State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences;Ningbo Urban Construction Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd.;

    Loess landslides occur frequently due to climate change, anthropogenic disturbances and intensified engineering activities, and rainfall infiltration is one of the main causes. There is a need to study the deformation evolution mechanism of rainfall-induced loess landslides and to explore the influence of applied protective measures on slope stability. The loess slope at K615 km of Huangyan Expressway in Shaanxi Province, Yangpoyao slope, was selected as the research object, and the deformation, water content, pore water pressure, and soil pressure of the slope during rainfall were comprehensively monitored by designing two sets of physical model tests and combining with distributed optical fibre sensing and measurement technology. The result show that during rainfall infiltration, the increase in water content of loess slopes leads to a decrease in soil strength and an increase in pore water pressure, which ultimately triggers the evolutionary mechanism of slope destabilisation and damage. The second group of tests significantly slowed down the slope destruction process by burying plank protection measures, indicating that the protection measures have a positive effect on enhancing the stability of slopes. The research result provide an important basis for the disaster warning and prevention of rainfall-induced loess landslides, and also provide new ideas and method for the application of fibre-optic sensing technology in slope monitoring.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4674K]

  • Study on the influence parameters of anti-sliding round pile based on pile-soil interaction

    YANG Song;CHEN Changjun;XIONG Wentao;HE Gang;LI Huan;CHEN Huailin;China MCC5 Group Corp.Ltd.;School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University;Longi Green Energy Technology Co., Ltd.;

    Anti-slide piles are widely used as a support measure to improve slope stability. The reasonable selection of anti-slide pile parameters is crucial for enhancing slope stability and reducing costs. A small landslide in Ganluo County is taken as the research object and FLAC~(3D) numerical analysis software is used to investigate the effects of pile diameter and pile spacing on pile-soil interaction. It is analyzed how these two parameters influence the deformation of circular anti-slide piles and their reinforcement effects on landslides. The results indicate that as the pile spacing increases, the landslide thrust, front resistance of the pile, pile displacement, maximum slope displacement, and internal force within the pile all gradually increase. Meanwhile, the stability of the landslide reinforced with circular anti-slide piles decreases with increasing pile spacing. To ensure effective pile-soil interaction, the pile spacing should not exceed 6.25 m.Furthermore, as the pile diameter increases, the landslide thrust, front resistance of the pile, pile displacement, and maximum slope displacement gradually decrease. After reinforcement with circular anti-slide piles, the landslide stability and internal force within the pile increase with the pile diameter. The pile diameter should be no less than 1 m, with an optimal maximum diameter of 1.5 m.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2850K]

  • Research review of slope protection and application of porous ecological concrete based on recycled aggregate

    CHEN Yao;WANG Chongqing;JIANG Shixiong;LI Xi;ZHANG Zhihua;ZHANG Wenjie;WEN Suxian;CHEN Hong;Electric Power Science Research Institute of State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co., Ltd.;Yangtze River Science Institute of Yangtze River Water board;Engineering Technology Research Center for Mountain Flood Geological Disaster Prevention, Ministry of Water Resources;

    With the continuous advancement of ecological civilization construction and green development in the new times, how to rationally and effectively apply a large amount of construction waste has been the key topic that scholars should pay more attention to. Recycled porous concrete prepared from recycled aggregate produced from abandoned buildings plays a great role in slope protection. A review of the research status and application of porous ecological concrete were analyzed, including the development of slope protection technology and recycled aggregate of porous ecological concrete, its mechanical characteristics under different influencing factors, and the long-term nature of ecological economy. Combined with the characteristics of engineering technology and the construction of ecological civilization, the development trend of porous ecological concrete used in slope protection is prospected. The research result can provide technical reference for the application of porous ecological concrete in slope ecological protection of power transmission station.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2386K]

  • Analysis of the deformation characteristics of root-soil composite body under pull-horizontal load action

    LI Jianhong;ZHANG Qingchuan;WU Chunbo;JI Hongyu;FU Tingshun;LIN Hang;CCCC (Baise) North Ring Highway Investment Construction Co., Ltd.;School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University;

    The ecological slope protection technology mainly improves the soil shear strength and enhances the stability of the shallow layer of the slope through the root system of plants. Previous studies on plant root slope protection were mostly focused on the strength characteristics of the root-soil composite body. Based on the numerical simulation method, the deformation law of the root-soil composite body under the gradual pulling-horizontal coupled load action is studied. Based on the characteristic displacement of the roots and soil, the failure mode of the root-soil composite body under the pulling-horizontal coupled load action is analyzed, and the evolution law of the displacement of the adjacent soil under the load is clarified. By comparing the deformation characteristics of the root-soil composite body under the pulling and pulling-horizontal coupled load actions, the influence of the horizontal load on the deformation of the root-soil composite body is analyzed, and the plant root retention ability under different load conditions is determined. The result show that: under the gradual pulling condition of the root-soil composite body, the root system and soil can still maintain a certain degree of connection at low load; but when the load exceeds the critical value, the interaction between the root system and soil weakens, and ultimately leads to the failure of the root-soil composite body. The existence of roots not only changes the displacement pattern of soil, but also has an important influence on the mechanical response of soil, especially at low load, where the support of roots is more obvious.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2811K]

  • Quantitative analysis of shear damage characteristics of rock joint surfaces under different normal stresses

    DU Shilin;HU Chao;LIN Yonghua;JING Xiangyang;Shenzhen Raw Water Co., Ltd.;

    Based on shear test and 3D contour scanning technology, the morphology and energy characteristics of rock joint surface under different shear loading conditions were investigated, and the fractal dimension theory was used to quantitatively analyze the damage degree of joint surface. The results show that the peak shear stress of the jointed rock sample increases linearly with the increase of normal stress, and the shear displacement-shear stress curve fluctuates slightly due to the snapping failure of the asperities on the joint surface under the high normal stress; With the increase of the normal stress, the shear damage area of the joints surface shows the characteristics of small dot-like, dot-like, block-like and wavy, respectively, and the damage mode gradually changes from shear wear damage to wear-shear compound damage. With the enhancement of normal confinement, the driving energy required for shear damage of rock joints experienced two stages of rapid growth and slow growth, showing an overall logarithmic growth trend; meanwhile, the fractal dimensional degradation value of shear joint surface shows the linear growth characteristics, and the damage degree of joints increases significantly.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3585K]

  • Analysis on influence of existing shallow tunnel due to asynchronous excavation of bilateral closely attached deep foundation pits

    KANG Dayong;LIU Yunsheng;LUO Fei;CCCC First Harbor Engineering Company LTD;China Communications Construction Corporation Rail Transit Branch;

    The urban underground development typically involves the excavation of foundation pits adjacent to subway lines. Conventionally, the excavation on both side of existing tunnel generally adopts synchronous symmetrical excavation, however it's difficult to execute synchronous symmetrical excavation in whole process due to the influence of external environment. Asynchronous excavation is detrimental to tunnel deformation control, in severe cases, it will affect operational safety. Furthermore, in order to get more space, the foundation pit is getting closer and closer to the existing tunnel and the depth of the pit exceeds the depth of existing tunnel is more and more, the shallow tunnel is formed suspended between the foundation pits on both sides, in this case asynchronous excavation is more detrimental to tunnel deformation. Therefore it is necessary to study the tunnel deformation rule to provide a basis for controlling tunnel deformation. Taking Guangzhou Subway Line 12 project Chigang station bilateral deep foundation pits which close contact with both side of operating subway tunnel of Line 8 as a study case, the deformation monitoring date was analyzed combined with different working conditions, excavation speed, geology etc. The result shows that: The tunnel began to shift to the foundation pit of excavation in advance, the maximum translation is 3.14 mm, which occurs when the excavation in advance reaches the bottom of the exist tunnel; With the excavation on another side of the tunnel, the translation speed slows down and the tunnel translation shift the moving direction to another side which foundation pit was subsequently excavated when excavation below the existing tunnel, the maximum translation is 6.12 mm, which occurs before the foundation pits is bottom closed. Asynchronous excavation can restrain tunnel settlement to some extent, but it can lead to transverse differential settlement, the transverse differential settlement is 3.38 mm before bottom closed, but after bottom closed and stabilized is 2.51 mm. The above implementation fully demonstrates that: in the case of asymmetrical excavation condition, the horizontal displacement on both sides of the tunnel is unequal and the displacement direction will be reversed during the excavation process, it is highly related to the deformation of foundation pit; Asynchronous excavation cause the tunnel to tilt towards the foundation pit of excavation in advance; The maximum deformation occurs before the foundation pit is closed, casting bottom slab of the foundation pit can effectively stabilize the deformation of the tunnel, deformation tends to be stable after the foundation pits on both side of the tunnel is bottom closed.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 6042K]

  • Research and application of optimization inversion of pile foundation parameters for shield tunneling under bridge foundation

    LI Liang;Guangzhou Metro Group Co., Ltd.;

    Accurate determination of key geological parameters is crucial for construction safety during shield tunneling of bridge pile foundations under complex geological conditions. Existing method have limitations such as large environmental disturbances, difficulty in obtaining on-site parameters, low measurement efficiency, and insufficient accuracy. In response to this problem, an intelligent optimization method based on the Mountaineering Team Optimization Algorithm(MTBO) for non-destructive inversion of geological parameters is proposed, relying on the actual engineering of the bridge pile foundation under the double line shield tunnel in the Donghu Island Ersha Bridge section of Guangzhou Metro Line 12. This method uses FLAC~(3D) numerical simulation software to calculate the surface settlement during shield tunneling construction. The simulation result are compared with the actual monitored surface settlement data to construct the objective function in the MTBO algorithm based on the comparison error. By setting geological parameters as optimization variables and utilizing the efficient global computing power of the MTBO algorithm, the objective function is iteratively optimized until the geological parameter value that minimizes the error is found. The method is successfully applied to engineering examples, and the result show that this intelligent optimization method has significant advantages in computational efficiency and accuracy, and can provide assistance for complex rock optimization inversion problems; For the complex geological structure of Guangzhou Metro Line 12, after passing through the bridge pile foundation under the shield tunnel, the key geological parameters such as elastic modulus, cohesive force, and internal friction angle obtained by this method are relatively close to the actual values, with relative errors less than 14%, indicating the engineering applicability of this method; The calculation time of this method in engineering examples is 22197 s, greatly reducing the work time.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2454K]

  • Study on the influence of excavation with different spacing on adjacent buildings

    XIANG Rui;LI Jingtuo;WU Yang;WANG Zhide;WEI Changfu;CCCC Second Highway Consultants Co.,Ltd.;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology;Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences;

    In order to study the influence of excavation with different spacing on the deformation of adjacent buildings, a deep foundation pit in Zhuhai is taken as an engineering background, the influence of foundation pit excavation on deformation and stress of adjacent buildings is analyzed. The result show that:(1) the overall deformation of the adjacent buildings decreases with the increase of the distance between the excavation pit and the tunnel at different spacing, and the horizontal displacement of the adjacent buildings has little difference at the same excavation step at different spacing; The shear force value and bending moment value of brick-concrete residence are above 150 kN and 170 kN·m, and the bending moment of pile foundation building increases with the continuous excavation of foundation pit, the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the tunnel increase with the excavation of the foundation pit, and the structural stress of the tunnel decreases with the increase of the distance between the tunnel and the foundation pit, the allowed values are not exceeded and the structure is in a safe state.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2782K]

  • Design and research of prestressed rock bolt crane girder under adverse geological conditions

    WANG Jinfeng;LIU Jiajin;YAO Xingang;TIAN Yingchun;PowerChina HuaDong Engineering Co., Ltd.;

    The code NB/T 35079—2016 does not provide clear guidance on the design of crane girders for underground power plants under adverse geological conditions. Due to the difficulty in accurately estimating the release of rock mass stress under adverse geological conditions, the non-prestressed rock dowels have a large scatter in their tensile force, which makes it difficult to fully guarantee the safe and stable operation of the crane girder. A design scheme of re-tensionable prestressed rock bolt crane girder was proposed. The prestressed rock bolt penetrates into the stable rock mass, and is less affected by the release of rock mass stress. During construction and operation, if the prestressed rock bolt is overloaded, it can be relaxed and re-tensioned to ensure long-term safe and stable operation. Numerical calculations show that the prestressed rock bolt crane girder can closely contact the rock mass, with more reliable overall stability compared to the non-presstressed rock dowel crane girder, which is beneficial for reducing the gap between the rock mass and the structure, and ensure the effective exertion of cohesion and friction between the structure and the rock mass, thus improving the overall stability of the crane girder. Finally, the prestressed rock bolt crane girder of the Kokhav Hayarden pumped storage underground power plant in Israel is used as a case study, which verifies that the prestressed rock bolt crane girder has a large safety margin and the design is reasonable and feasible.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3743K]

  • Study on the instability process and surge waves of the near-dam bank collapse body in the Lianghekou Hydropower Station

    WANG Wensong;HE Mu;FENG Fanding;HE Chunhua;WANG Minglei;ZHU Dapeng;Yalong River Hydropower Development Company;School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University;

    The recent deformation of the Tuodaxi dumping deformation body on the near-dam bank of Lianghekou Hydropower Station is significant and continues to increase. In order to assess the threat posed by its destabilisation damage to the life safety, properties and infrastructures of the reservoir and the residents along the dam area, systematical analysis was carried out on the destabilisation movement process of the landslide and the landslide surge phenomenon by using the coupled Finite Element-Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics(FEM-SPH) method with the Tuodaxi dump deformer on the near-dam bank of the Lianghekou Hydropower Station as a research object. Numerical simulation result show that the instability process of the Tuodaxi collapse body lasts approximately 30 seconds, with a maximum movement speed of 25 m/s and a maximum displacement of 1 827 m. The landslide-induced initial surge wave reaches a maximum height of 28.9 m, and the maximum wave height at the dam site is 0.61 m. The study demonstrates that the FEM-SPH coupling method accurately captures the complex dynamic behavior of landslides and surge waves. The landslide instability process can be divided into three stages: initiation, high-speed sliding, and impact-deposition. Based on the study result, the dam risk assessment indicates that, under normal water levels, the maximum wave height propagating to the dam does not exceed the dam′s elevation, ensuring a high safety margin. The findings of this study provide valuable references for early warning and prevention of similar reservoir landslides and potential landslide-induced surge waves.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4832K]

  • Triaxial experimental study of effect of loading rate on mechanical properties of asphalt concrete

    GAO Lei;DENG Gang;ZHANG Yanyi;LIU Cheng;LI Zefa;MUHAMAITIHAN Nuerhasimu;Xinjiang Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey Design Institute Limited Liability Company;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;

    In order to study the influence of loading rate on the mechanical properties of asphalt concrete, Static triaxial tests of asphalt concrete are conducted under four different loading rates. The results show that loading rate has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of asphalt concrete and the stress-strain curve changes regularly with the loading rate and confining pressure. Under the same test temperature and confining pressure conditions, the deviator stress increases with the increase of loading rate, and the change of loading rate has obvious influence on the maximum deviator stress of asphalt concrete under different confining pressure conditions. Under the same loading rate and temperature conditions, the deviator stress increases with the increase of confining pressure, and the maximum deviator stress also increases gradually with the increase of confining pressure, and basically presents a linear relationship. The loading rate has significant influence on the parameters of model concluded by Duncan-Chang Model. With the loading rate increases, model parameters k, n and cohesion force c increase, while the internal friction Angle φ decreases with the loading rate increasing and gradually becomes stable. The comparison between the parameter calculation curve and the test curve shows that the Duncan tensor model cannot reflect the strain softening characteristics of the material.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2818K]

  • Effects of strain-hardening on anti-abrasion property of cementitious composites

    DONG Tongliang;SUN Xinning;LIU Guoping;Yellow River Wanjiazhai Water Multi-Purpose Dam Project Co., Ltd.;Shanghai Royang Innovative Material Technologies Co., Ltd.;

    How to remarkably improve anti-abrasion of cementitious materials is a big issue in hydropower construction and operation. So the relationship between axial-tension behaviors of fiber reinforced cementitious composites and its main mechanical properties including anti-abrasion was focused on research based on stress-strain constitutive model. Different matrices with univariate change ware prepared by fiber Bonding Adjustment(BA) based on nano MetaKaolin admixture. Tension characters and relative properties ware measured by both different matrices with 2% fiber and different fiber dosages in same matrix. The result showed that tension behaviors are mainly decided by the mutual function between the fiber and the matrix, not only simply depend on matrix strength or fiber dosage. One of the preconditions of strain-hardening is that fiber bonding strength should be higher than tensile strength of matrix. Strain-hardening not only let tensile strength to be increased further, but also enlarges tension strain significantly, which lead to improve toughness and anti-abrasion outstandingly. The tension behaviors of 1.5% and 2.5% fiber dosages based on optimized matrix with 9%BA are strain-softening and strain-hardening respectively, but the later toughness and anti-abrasion are 43.7 and 5.52 times of former, and its anti-abrasion strength reached 209.3 h/(kg/m~2) which is ten times more than high performance C50-silica fume anti-abrasive concrete. It's indicated that strain-hardening is one of the key method to make cementitious composites achieve broken change of anti-abrasive property and being turned from fragility to tenacity.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2727K]

  • Applied research of low-heat portland cement and F-N admixtures for RCC DAMS in Xizang Region

    WU Wenbo;ZHANG Jintang;FAN Zhiyong;ZHANG Liang;YANG Guodang;Power China North West Engineering Corporation Limited;Huaneng Yarlung Zangbo River Hydropower Development and Investment Co., Ltd.;

    At present, the cementing materials of RCC damming mostly use medium heat cement with high fly ash to reduce the internal temperature and achieve the purpose of temperature control and crack prevention. Xizang lacks high-quality admixtures such as fly ash and slags, but there are a large number of natural volcanic ash resources. If they can be used to partially or completely replace fly ash, the problem of fly ash shortage and high supply cost will be solved. The performance of RCC with different schemes, such as medium hot cement mixed with fly ash, low hot cement mixed with fly ash, mixed F-N and single N is studied The result show that the performance of RCC with low heat cement mixed with F-N admixtures meets the design requirements, long-term strength and frost resistance are better than the medium heat cement mixed with F.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2588K]

  • Study on the impact of different CaO contents in fly ash on the stability and crack resistance of cement paste

    DUAN Yudong;LI Mingxia;Xinjiang Water Conservancy Development and Construction Group Co., Ltd.;Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Changjiang Water Resources Commission;

    The impact of varying CaO concentrations in fly ash on the stability and crack resistance of cement paste was studied. Four kinds of fly ash with CaO content of 3.42%, 16.22%, 10.35% and 20.89% were selected for comparative analysis. The findings reveal that, as the CaO content and its proportion in the mix increase, the stability expansion value measured by Ray's clip method exhibits a slight upward trend. Notably, all four fly ash varieties exhibit excellent volume stability within a 40% dosage range.Furthermore, after 28 days, it was observed that all cement mortars underwent shrinkage. However, interestingly, as the CaO content rose, the degree of shrinkage decreased marginally.When comparing cementitious materials with identical cement types and fly ash dosages, it was evident that the initial cracking time was significantly shorter for the fly ash containing 20.89% CaO compared to the other three types. Conversely, the cementitious material with 3.42% CaO content exhibited the longest initial cracking time.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2128K]

  • Experimental study on compaction characteristics of industrial waste residues solidified sludge after crushing

    WNAG Liujiang;JIANG Hougen;ZANG Yaohui;MAO Hangyu;CUI Hongbin;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University;Shanghai Soil environmental Technical Inc;

    For the crushed and remodeled solidified soil(CRS) which is formed by the crushing and compaction of solidified sludge with high water content by using the composite curing agent contained blast furnace slag, carbide slag, and phosphogypsum, the effects of curing agent content and pre-curing age on the compaction characteristics of CRS were investigated through compaction tests and unconfined compressive strength tests. The result show that the CRS is hard to compact as the increase of the curing agent content and the pre-curing time. As the curing agent content is larger than 150 kg/m~3, the effect of the pre-curing age on the compaction characteristics of CRS increases significantly. In addition, the compacted density of CRS increases initially and then decreases with the increase of the unconfined compressive strength(UCS) of the solidified sludge without crushing. Thus, there is an optimal UCS corresponding to the maximum compacted density, which can be treated as one of the reference indexes to determine the crushing time. Besides, it is revealed that the compaction characteristics of CRS are greatly influenced by the amount of free water and adsorbed water that converted into the combined crystalline water in the solidified sludge, as well as the frictional action between the crushed particles. Finally, it is recommended to reduce the amount of curing agent and extend the pre-curing age for projects with a long construction period and sufficient yards. In the opposite, it is suggested to increase the amount of curing agent and shorten the pre-curing age for projects with a tight construction period.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3289K]

  • Effect of water binder ratio and fiber content on the drying shrinkage characteristics of hydraulic ECC

    LI Panpan;JIANG Wenguang;LI Mingxia;SUN Yangxing;Quality Management Department, Anhui Promincial Group Limited for Yangtze-to-Huaihe Water Diversion;Changjiang Riverscientific Research Institute,Changjiang Water Resources Commission;

    Hydraulic ECC is a major attempt to apply ECC to hydraulic engineering based on the crack resistance requirements and technical characteristics of hydraulic structures. Hydraulic ECC materials with similar diffusivity are prepared, and the effect of water binder ratio and fiber content on the drying shrinkage characteristics is analyzed. The results shows that the drying shrinkage deformation of hydraulic ECC mainly occurs within 7 d age, and the shrinkage rate tends to be stable at the 28 d age. Besides, when increasing the water binder ratio, the water quantity increases slightly while the amount of cementitious material decreases, in addition, the amount of sand increases, as a result, the drying shrinkage of hydraulic ECC decreases. Moreover, PVA fibers are conducive to hinder water loss and offset the negative pressure of capillary pores, therefore, with the increase of PVA fiber content, the drying shrinkage of hydraulic ECC decreases. Furthermore, the smaller the maximum particle size of sand, the greater the drying shrinkage of hydraulic ECC.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2324K]

  • The influence of anti-cracking agent and fibers on the properties of face slab concrete

    JIANG Wenguang;LYU Xingdong;YUAN Lei;DONG Yun;XIA Qiulin;LIU Heng;SHI Yan;Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Changjiang Water Resources Commission;Xinjiang Water Resources and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd.;

    The influence of anti-cracking agent, PVA fibers and basalt fibers single or composite doping on the compressive, tensile, dry shrinkage deformation and early crack resistance of face slab concrete was investigated.The result showed that the addition of 12% anti-cracking agent result ed in a decrease in the compressive strength, compressive modulus, axial tensile strength and ultimate tensile value of the face slab concrete at various ages, but it was beneficial for reducing the dry shrinkage deformation. The dry shrinkage deformation of the face slab concrete after 180 days was reduced by 22×10~(-6). And no cracks were found in the flat plate cracking test. Adding PVA fibers(0.9 kg/m~3) or basalt fibers(2.5 kg/m~3) is beneficial for improving the properties of face slab concrete, with a 7.0% and 9.2% increase in 28 day axial tensile strength, respectively. Meanwhile, in the plate cracking test, the cracking time is delayed, the number of cracks is reduced, and the crack area is reduced. When the anti-cracking agent is mixed with PVA fibers or basalt fibers, their effects on the compressive and tensile properties of the face slab concrete compensate for each other, but they have a synergistic effect on improving the dry shrinkage deformation and early crack resistance performance. The dry shrinkage deformation of the face slab concrete after 180 days can be reduced by about 30×10~(-6). And no cracks were found in the flat cracking test.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2695K]

  • The influence of different coarse aggregate particle sizes on the long-term performance of concrete

    SUN Yangxing;HUO Jinyang;LI Mingxia;LI Panpan;Anhui Provincial Group Limited for Yangtze-to-Huaihe Water Diversion;Changjiang River Seientific Researeh Institute,Changjiang Water Resources Commission;

    The influence of different coarse aggregate particle sizes on long-term mechanical properties, durability and microstructure of concrete is studied based on Yangtze-to-uaihe Water Diversion Project. The results show that the long-term performance of coarse aggregate concrete with 5～31.5 mm and 5～40 mm particle sizes is excellent when the water-binder ratio is 0.42. Compared with coarse aggregate concrete with 5-40 mm particle size, the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of coarse aggregate concrete with 5～31.5 mm particle size are greater, and growth rates of compressive strength at 120 d and 180 d are 12.7% and 22.4%, respectively. The growth rates of splitting tensile strength at 120 d and 180 d are 2.7% and 4.5%, respectively. Moreover, impermeability and frost resistance of coarse aggregate concrete with 5～31.5 mm particle size are better than that with 5～40 mm particle size. The porosity of coarse aggregate concrete with 5～31.5 mm particle size is lower than that with 5-40 mm particle size. And the distribution of harmful pores and multiple harmful pores of coarse aggregate concrete with 5～31.5 mm particle size is less. The overall structure and hydration products of coarse aggregate concrete with 5～31.5 mm particle size are denser. Therefore, the performance of coarse aggregate concrete with 5～31.5 mm particle size is better than coarse aggregate hydraulic concrete with 5～40 mm particle size, which can make full use of local coarse aggregate resources in the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2795K]

  • Study on the improvement of self-adhesion of brominated butyl rubber

    LI Bin;Huadong Yixing Pumped Storage Co., Ltd.;

    In the field of hydraulic construction, expansion joints are often provided to deal with the thermal expansion and cold contraction of concrete. The water-stop material in the joint not only needs to have good air tightness and adhesion but also needs to have high plasticity. The arrangement of methyl groups in the side groups of the molecular chain of butyl rubber is very close, limiting the movement of macromolecules and chain segments, so it has a very low air permeability and excellent airtightness and is often used as a water-stop material. However, butyl rubber itself has poor self-adhesion and mutual adhesion and needs to be reinforced with the help of adhesion promoters. Although the viscosity of brominated butyl rubber has been improved, its properties still cannot meet the requirements of use. Therefore, brominated butyl rubber with better viscosity was used as the substrate, reinforcing materials, tackifiers and plasticizers were preferably selected, and tackifiers were used as the variable evaluation indexes to study the properties of different kinds of tackifiers and brominated butyl rubber blended with different dosages, and to explore the possibility of its self-vulcanization. The result showed that when the rosin system was selected, carbon black was 50 phr, naphthenic oil was 50 phr, and the rosin portion was 70 phr, the peel strength was up to 41.77 N/25 mm, which means that the tackifying effect was better.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1882K]

  • Influence of aggregate soundness on mechanical properties and durability of concrete

    LYU Xingdong;CAO Ya;LI Xiang;DONG Yun;Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission;National Dam Safety Research Center;

    Regarding the issue of the soundness value excessive of artificial aggregates in long-distance water conveyance tunnel engineering, the influence of aggregates with different soundness values on the mechanical and durability performance of concrete was studied. Using raw rocks with different firmness, four grades of coarse and fine aggregates are prepared. Among them, Grade I is fine aggregate ≤ 8%+coarse aggregate 9%～11%, Grade II is fine aggregate 8%～10%+coarse aggregate 14%～16%, Grade III is fine aggregate 10%～15%+coarse aggregate 19%～21%, and Grade IV is fine aggregate>15%+coarse aggregate>25%. The result show that as the strength level of aggregates decreases, the compressive strength, axial tensile strength, and ultimate tensile value of concrete show an overall downward trend. The frost resistance, and impermeability of concrete also show a gradually decreasing trend. The diffusion coefficients of chloride ions in the second, third, and fourth stages are 1.3×10~(-12) m~2/s, 2.8×10~(-12) m~2/s, and 2.5×10~(-12) m~2/s higher than those in the first stage, respectively. The concrete prepared with Class I to IV aggregates can achieve a sulfate resistance level of KS120, but the strength level of aggregates has no significant impact on the sulfate resistance performance of concrete. The result provide technical reserves and references for solving similar problems with other aggregate sources in water conservancy and hydropower projects, laying a technical foundation for expanding the selection range of aggregate sources and promoting relevant regulations to better adapt to actual engineering needs.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4325K]

  • Flood disaster risk assessment and impact zoning of Henan Province power grid based on logistic model

    GUO Fei;YAO Han;ZHANG Shuailing;WANG Shenglei;JIAO Yingying;Economic and Technological Research Institute of State grid Henan Electric Power Company;Power Construction Corporation of China Henan Electric Power Survey & Design Institute;

    Flood risk assessment for power grids is crucial to ensuring their safe operation.This study focused on the complex basin underlay and hydrometeorological conditions within the administrative region of Henan Province, constructed an evaluation index system for flood disasters in Henan Province. Based on a binary logistic regression model, we established a mapping relationship between the index system and historical disaster occurrences to derive a flood risk probability distribution map for Henan Province by different basin. Combining this with power grid density data, we assessed the flood risk for Henan's power grid and created a flood risk zoning map of power grid. The result indicate that the Huai River basin in the southeastern part of Henan have a higher flood risk, with a concentrated occurrence of incidents, accurately reflecting historical disaster distribution. During the flood season, rainfall, which is the primary factor causing disasters, shows spatial asynchrony with flood risk in large-scale basin flood assessments. The impact of flood disasters on power grid safety shows a band-like distribution, with Pingdingshan, Xuchang, Zhengzhou, and Kaifeng identified as high-risk zones, and Xinxiang, Anyang, and Puyang as medium-risk zones. This zoning outcome can support the layout and disaster prevention and mitigation efforts of Henan's power grid and provide a technical reference for flood disaster risk assessment and analysis in administrative regions with complex basin underlays.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4929K]

  • Risk assessment of extreme flood events in eastern Sichuan Proviace

    REN Yufeng;LI Hui;GAO Fengxian;ZHU Shaonan;LIU Xinbon;MA Yiming;China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd.;

    Strengthening research on risk assessment theory of extreme flood events related to people's life-property safety and stable development of economic society in the river basin, under climate change. As a reslute of the large uncertainty and the risk assessment quantifying difficulty of flood events caused by exteme rainfall, a new flood events risk assessment method is established based on ET(Evidence Theory) and VFS(Variable Fuzzy Set). What's more, the flood events risk quantification system is built by evidence theory, and ET'S basic trust distribution function is aclculated by VFS. The method is applied to flood events risk assessment in eastern Sichuan Province, China, and it's shown that the method can accurately quantificat flood events risk, and provide support for decision making of watershed flood control and safety assessment of flood control project under climate change.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2541K]

  • Study on prevention and control regionalization of flash flood threatened areas: Taking Yunnan Province as an example

    ZHANG Zhixiong;LI Qing;WANG Dongsheng;CHEN Yao;WANG Han;YU Yali;WANG Zifan;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources;Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Hydrology and Water resources;

    The flash flood disaster represents one of the most severe natural disasters in China, significantly impacting the country's social and economic development. From 2020 to 2022, the State Council conducted the first National Survey on Natural Disaster Risks, with a national general survey focusing on flood and drought disaster risks being a crucial component of this initiative. In accordance with the requirements of this survey, we utilized the calculation method ology outlined in “Technical Requirements for the Preparation of Flood Risk Regionalization and Prevention and Control Regionalization.” Building upon this foundation, we refined the calculation method for prevention and control zoning specifically within mountain flood threat areas. Utilizing data derived from the result of flash flood disaster investigation and evaluation, we calculated the prevention and control zoning for areas threatened by flash floods in Yunnan Province. The result indicate that key, medium, and general prevention and control zoning for flash floods in Yunnan account for 7.73%, 4.99%, and 87.28% of the total area respectively. Notably, the key prevention and control zoning for the flash flood are predominantly concentrated in central and northeastern regions of Yunnan Province. The zoning assessment of areas susceptible to flash flood disasters facilitates regional risk management strategies as well as targeted investigations into critical hidden dangers. Furthermore, the calculation method employed in this study allows for rapid iteration alongside updates from ongoing investigation and evaluation into flash flood disasters, thereby providing essential support for effective prevention and control measures across various locations.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2533K]

  • Study on medium and long-term optimal dispatching rules for cascade hydro-wind-photovoltaic system crossing sections

    ZHOU Kaixi;ZHONG Lu;YANG Yue;WU Yuquan;HUANG Weibin;YANG Liu;Southwest Branch, State Grid Corporation of China;College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University;

    The topic of giving full play to the flexible regulation of hydropower and the optimal allocation of power grid resources, optimising the complementary scheduling mode of the new power system with renewable energy as the main body, and reducing the difficulty of grid scheduling decision-making, so as to promote the consumption of wind and wind power and ensure the safe and stable operation of the grid urgently needs in-depth research. This paper was written to address the problem of joint optimal scheduling across transmission cross sections under a new type of power system to provide a decision-making basis for the scheduling of gradient reservoirs. In this paper, a medium-and long-term optimal scheduling model is constructed with the objective of maximising the generation capacity of the terraced hydropower station and minimising the fluctuation of the cascade hydro-wind-photovoltaic complementary system output in the dry period section based on the annual scheduling task of backbone reservoirs and the smoothness of system output. Taking the 70-year long series operation data of Yalong River clean energy base as information, PSO-POA algorithm is used to solve the model. According to the result of optimisation calculation, the medium-and long-term scheduling function of backbone reservoirs is extracted by threshold regression method. The result show that the mean values of the coefficient of determination(R~2) of the constructed monthly dispatch functions for the Lianghekou station, Jinping Ⅰ station and Ertan station are 0.869, 0.868 and 0.874, respectively, which have a better fitting effect on the whole, and can provide operational decision-making support for reservoir dispatching.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3031K]

  • Analysis of low voltage ride through control parameters for wind turbines based on trajectory sensitivity

    WEI Bo;ZHANG Miaojing;TANG Wen;MA Xiping;State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company;State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company Electric Power Research Institute;

    With the increase of wind power installed capacity, the impact of wind turbine integration on the safe and stable operation of the power system is becoming increasingly significant. Low voltage ride through capability is a necessary function for maintaining stability in new energy systems after faults. To identify the dominant control parameters of wind turbines during low voltage ride through periods, a dominant parameter analysis method based on trajectory sensitivity is proposed. Firstly, the control strategy of the wind turbine grid side converter during low voltage ride through period was introduced in detail, and the reactive power control parameters that affect the bus voltage were preliminarily screened. Then, trajectory sensitivity is used to extract dynamic features between parameters and transient voltage, and evaluation indicators are constructed to identify the dominant parameters of the system. Finally, a corresponding simulation model was built in PSCAD/EMTDC software to verify the correctness of the analysis in this paper.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3122K]

  • Voltage control strategy for hybrid new energy grid based on model predictive control

    SHAO Chong;YANG Yong;NIU Haoming;XU Honglei;ZHANG Xujun;YANG Rui;State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company;State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company Electric Power Research Institute;

    The traditional grid connected control method for wind power generation is current source type grid following control with the goal of maximum power tracking. However, faults such as DC blocking and commutation failure may cause short-term idle power at the converter port and trigger transient overvoltage, endangering operational safety. To explore the supporting role of grid connected new energy stations in grid voltage stability, a transmission end power grid model was established including grid connected and grid following new energy stations. Based on this, a coordinated voltage regulation strategy based on model predictive control is proposed, which considers the grid connected point voltage and adds a feedback loop to adjust the reactive power control parameters of the wind turbine inverter, in order to maximize the dynamic reactive power reserve. Finally, a relevant simulation system was built on the PSCAD platform and the correctness of the theoretical analysis was verified.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2184K]

  • Research on load frequency control of interconnected power grid with wind power based on RL-MPC algorithm

    WU Xiangquan;LUO Yingdong;Yunnan Energy Investment Co., Ltd.;NARI Technology Development Co., Ltd.;

    To address the frequency fluctuations in the power system caused by a high proportion of new energy integration, this paper proposes a load frequency control of interconnected power grid with wind power based on reinforcement learning model predictive control(RL-MPC) algorithm. Firstly, considering the dynamic parameters of the model caused by changes in wind speed output, a two region load frequency control model with wind power participation was constructed. Then, reinforcement learning is used to optimize the parameters of model predictive control in the system in real time, reducing the dependence of control schemes on accurate models and ensuring that the controller can adaptively adjust to changes in system parameters in the case of uncertain wind power output, to ensure the optimal frequency control effect. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was verified through algorithm simulation comparison.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2418K]

  • Research on the development trend of offshore wind power technology based on patents

    LYU Tingyan;CHEN Rongmin;WANG Penglei;CAI Weijie;YUN Bing;China Three Gorges Corporation;School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing;

    To achieve the goal of “double carbon”, offshore wind power is one of the important directions of energy transformation. In order to comprehensively grasp the overall development trend, key fields and hot technology development direction of offshore wind power technology, the relevant literature and global offshore wind power patent datum are analyzed, the offshore wind power technology system is constructed, and six key technology fields are determined. The analysis shows that the current global offshore wind power technology is in a period of rapid development; China started late, developed rapidly, and has an absolute advantage in the total number of patent applications; China has certain technological advantages in terms of HVDC transmission network and pile foundation, but the global layout is insufficient and the number of high-value patents is small, so it is urgent to innovate in key core technologies. In the future, the innovation of offshore wind turbine technology, grid connected transmission technology, management, operation and maintenance technology and offshore wind power integration application technology will continue to grow. Among them, large-scale installed capacity, flexible DC transmission, floating support, intelligent operation and maintenance, hydrogen production technology are the key directions for enterprises to carry out R&D and technical layout.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 5776K]

  • Abnormal detection method of photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker based on improved AHA-ELM

    SHEN Xingjie;CHEN Pei;YU Meng;LU Daoming;Chengnan Power Supply Branch, State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company;

    To address the limitations of traditional detection methods for PV grid-connected circuit breakers, which struggle to extract and classify complex nonlinear features, an anomaly detetion method based on an improred AHA and an optimized ELM is proposed. Firstly, the factors affecting the health status of PV grid-connected circuit breakers are studied, the common fault types and fault characteristics of circuit breakers are analyzed, and appropriate characteristic signals are selected as high-quality data sets that can reflect the working status of circuit breakers. Secondly, dynamic flight strategy and chaotic mapping mechanism are introduced to optimize the AHA, and the improved AHA is used to optimize the input weight and hidden layer bias of the ELM, so as to enhance the learning ability of the model for high-dimensional complex features. Then, the improved AHA-ELM algorithm is used to quickly obtain the data characteristics of circuit breakers under various faults, and the abnormal detection model of PV grid-connected circuit breakers is trained to detect the abnormal state of circuit breakers. Finally, based on a practical distribution network with photovoltaic grid connection, the simulation result show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2309K]

  • Reliability evaluation and sensitivity analysis of hydro-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system

    ZHAO Long;ZHANG Sai;ZHAO Yi;YUAN Shen;YOU Zhigang;State Grid Gansu Electric Power Research Institute;

    Hydro-wind-solar multi-energy complementary is an effective way to promote the grid-connected consumption of new energy. To ensure the reliability of the power system, an reliability evaluation and sensitivity analysis framework of hydro-wind-solar complementary system was proposed. First, based on multivariate random simulation method, long series water, wind and solar data were simulated. Then, a long-term hydro-wind-solar stochastic optimization scheduling model was constructed and solved using stochastic dynamic programming Finally, the reliability and sensitivity of the hydro-wind-solar complementary system were analyzed through improved reliability indicators and sensitivity analysis method, respectively. A clean energy base located in the Upper Yellow River Basin, China, is selected as a case study.Under the uncertain conditions in the future, hydro-wind-solar complementary operation can effectively improve the reliability of the system, and it decreases with the increase of the total installed capacity of wind and solar power in the system. When the installation ratio of photovoltaic and wind power is 3∶7, the reliability of the complementary system is the best. Compared with the installation ratio of wind and solar power, the reliability of the complementary system is more sensitive to the total installed capacity of wind and solar power.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2590K]

  • Electric and thermal comprehensive energy storage capacity allocation method to improve distributed energy carrying capacity

    CHEN Dezhi;ZHAO Xue;LI Lixin;LIU Liantao;ZHANG Xin;TIAN Xu;ZHANG Xiangcheng;State Key Laboratory of Grid Safety (China Electric Power Research Institute);State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute of Qinghai Electric Power Company;

    With the rapid development of new energy, the volatility and intermittent adverse effects of new energy have become increasingly apparent, and improving the carrying capacity of new energy has become an urgent problem to be solved in the current power system. The electric thermal integrated energy storage system, as a multi energy complementary system that can achieve power and thermal interconnection, can effectively enhance the carrying capacity of new energy. The goal is to enhance the carrying capacity of new energy in the power system, while considering the economic efficiency of investment and operation costs, and to optimize the capacity configuration of the established electric thermal integrated energy storage system. Firstly, the principle analysis and modeling of the electric thermal integrated energy storage system were conducted. Subsequently, a capacity optimization configuration model was established with the goal of maximizing the carrying capacity of new energy and minimizing the total cost. This model covers multiple aspects such as the investment cost of electric thermal energy storage, the penalty cost of abandoning new energy, and the cost of interacting with the external power grid. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method were verified through simulation analysis of actual cases. The research result indicate that this method can significantly enhance the carrying capacity of new energy, improve the economy and reliability of the system.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2654K]

  • Management issues and suggestions on the use of post-support funds for large and medium-sized reservoir resettlement in Sichuan Province

    DU Zhiyi;WU Xiao;CHEN Xinyi;Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited;

    The management of the use on support funds in the later period is closely related to the recovery of the production and living standards of reservoir immigrants. The scale of post-support funds for large and medium-sized reservoir resettlement in Sichuan Province is huge, the fund allocation procedure is cumbersome, and the coverage is wide. The management task of post-support funds for reservoir resettlement is extremely heavy. In order to ensure the effective use of post-support funds in Sichuan Province and strengthen the efficient management of post-support funds, the achievements and existing problems are summarized by analyzing the use and management of post-support funds in Sichuan Province. It is proposed to further strengthen the use and management of post-support project funds and improve the utilization efficiency of post-support funds. A unified post-support fund benefit evaluation system should be created; the protection mechanism for vulnerable groups of reservoir resettlement should be established and improved; suggestions such as strengthening the guidance of fund management on characteristic industries and sustainable livelihood development projects are expected to provide reference for the use and management of post-support funds for large and medium-sized reservoir resettlement in Sichuan Province.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2266K]

  • Full-drive miniature pipe robot design and applications

    LIU Junbo;ZHU Xinmin;WANG Limei;BI Yajing;School of Machinery and Automation, Weifang University;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;School of Communication, Weifang University;China Academy of Safety Science and Technology;

    This paper addresses the issues in pipeline construction and operation & maintenance where factors such as high pipe density, small diameters, long distances, slippery surfaces, and uneven gradients make tasks like internal weld inspections, pipe cleaning, touch-up painting of welds, and final project inspections either extremely difficult or altogether impractical. In response, a novel fully-driven pipeline robot platform structure has been designed, developed, and optimized. This was achieved through enhancements to the control system design, the creation of a compact power unit, and an innovative frame structure, culminating in the successful fabrication of a small-volume drive unit suitable for narrow-diameter pipes, significantly enhancing the adaptability and maneuverability of the pipeline robot. Experimental and applied result demonstrate that the robot exhibits excellent maneuverability and operational performance in complex pipeline environments, enabling comprehensive inspection and maintenance of small-diameter pipelines with any gradient. This contributes to enhancing corporate management.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2286K]

  • Scientific and technological innovation and intelligent construction practice of TB hydropower project

    LI Zhi;ZENG Wei;LIU Jinshan;LU Liqiao;Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Inc;China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd.;

    As the landmark project of Lancang River Company to achieve the medium and long-term development strategic goal, TB hydropower project shoulders the important mission of innovation and development for hydropower engineering construction in the new era. On the basis of summarizing the hydropower engineering construction management of Lancang River Company for 20 years, this paper puts forward the “1+3+N” system of scientific and technological innovation and green intelligent construction. The proposed system which is guided by the key technology innovation and supported by the intelligent construction platform, tries to build TB hydropower benchmarking project and realize the comprehensive application of intelligent construction technology in hydropower engineering. Through innovative technology, intelligent construction and management function module, the “1+3+N” system has played a vital role in the safe, green, high-quality and efficient construction of the project, and finally enables TB hydropower project to put into operation and generate electricity one year ahead of the schedule of feasibility, creating huge economic and social benefits, and vividly explaining the concept of innovation-driven development.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2184K]

  • A ship lock automatic control system based on parallel theory

    JIANG Zhou;WANG Lilun;WANG Shijian;HU Zhifang;Yangtze River Three Gorges Navigation Administration;

    A ship lock automatic control system was introduced based on parallel theory, which includes an integrated platform for parallel ship lock operation and control, a parallel control model for ship lock operation process flow, a parallel control algorithm module for ship lock operation process flow, a parallel control model for ship crossing process, a parallel management algorithm module for ship crossing process, a time scale based ship lock parallel control database, a ship lock equipment status monitoring module, a ship crossing plan monitoring module, a ship crossing status monitoring module, and a lock chamber water level monitoring module. The design of this system can solve the technical problem of high safety risks and low efficiency in the operation and passage of ship locks, which is achieved by manually analyzing video surveillance information, voice interaction information, and PLC information to obtain corresponding decisions and output instructions.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2546K]

  • Research on key technologies and applications of intelligent deformation monitoring for measurement robots

    LI Shuangping;LIU Zuqiang;ZHANG Bin;ZHENG Junxing;WANG Dong;WANG Huawei;SU Sennan;LI Yonghua;Changjiang Spatial Information Technology Engineering Co., Ltd.,Wuhan;Hubei Water Conservancy Information Perception and Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center;National Dam Safety Engineering Technology Research Center;School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology;

    With the continuous high-quality promotion of water conservancy infrastructure construction and management in our country, ensuring the safety and stable operation of these projects has become a key point. Focusing on the pain points of the traditional multi measurement robot operating mode without networking, a smart deformation monitoring system based on the integration and collaboration of multiple measurement robots is proposed, aiming to greatly improve the accuracy and reliability of monitoring through real-time meteorological field model correction and real-time network adjustment technology. The integration and collaboration challenges of multiple measurement robots in an intelligent deformation monitoring system were overcome, achieving barrier free communication between robot devices and reasonable task allocation, effectively improving the overall efficiency of the system. We have successfully developed a real-time meteorological field model that can accurately obtain and utilize atmospheric parameters to finely calibrate ranging data, thereby significantly reducing the impact of environmental factors on measurement result. We have developed real-time network adjustment technology to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of data processing. The system has been successfully applied in the safety monitoring of many major water conservancy projects such as the Three Gorges Dam, Danjiangkou Dam, Xiluodu Hydropower Station, Wudongde Hydropower Station, Baihetan Hydropower Station, and South to North Water Diversion Project. The monitoring accuracy of the system has reached ± 2.0 mm, which not only significantly improves the intelligent level of engineering operation and maintenance, but also provides strong technical support for the safety management of key infrastructure. The research result have filled the technological gap in the industry, provided valuable experience and reference for similar water conservancy project safety monitoring, and also promoted the development of infrastructure monitoring technology in China to a higher level.

    2025 S1 v.56 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3685K]
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